Figure 13.

Proposed mechanism of action of the PCAIs in breast cancer cell lines. Abbreviations: RTK, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; GRB2, Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2; SOS, Son-of-Sevenless; GDP, Guanosine Diphosphate; GTP, Guanosine Triphosphate; RAS, Rat Sarcoma; BRAF, Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma, v-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B; CRAF, RAF Proto-Oncogene Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase; MEK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase; ERK, Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinases; p90RSK, 90 kDa Ribosomal s6 Kinases; AKT, Protein Kinase B; BAK1, BCL2 Antagonist/Killer 1.