Table 2.

Description of the five types of drugs used when treating cancerous agents.

Drug	Treated Condition	CIPN Pathogenesis
Platinum Compounds	Tumors in cranium, digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems.	Mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress. Voltage-gated K+ and Na+ hyperactivity.
Taxanes	Tumors in breast, ovaries, prostate, lungs, and bladder.	Mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress. Voltage-gated K+ and Na+ hyperactivity. Altered functionality of skin-based receptors (Aβ, C, and Aδ nerve fibers).
Vinca Alkaloids	Tumors in kidneys, liver, lungs, breast, and brain. Hematological malignancies, testicular, and non-small cell lung cancer.	Mitochondrial dysfunction. Microtubule function inhibition.
Immunomodulators	Example: thalidomide. MM, glioblastoma, breast, and prostate cancer.	Inhibition of growth factors (VEGF, TNF-α, NF-kB, b-FGF). ROS activation. Induced hypoxia and ischemia.
Proteosome Inhibitors	Example: bortezomib. Progressive, relapsed, or refractory MM.	Mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress. Increased apoptosis via release of Ca2+ in endoplasmic reticulum.