Table 5.

Studies that utilized exosomes in neuropathy treatment.

Exosome Source	Neuropathy Treated	Title of Study	Reference
hMSC	DPN	Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with engineered mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes enriched with microRNA-146a provide amplified therapeutic efficacy.	[237]
hBM-MSC	DPN	Exosomes derived from atorvastatin-pretreated MSC accelerate diabetic wound repair by enhancing angiogenesis via AKT/eNOS pathway.	[240]
hBM-MSC	DPN	Melatonin-stimulated MSC-derived exosomes improve diabetic wound healing through regulating macrophage M1 and M2 polarization by targeting the PTEN/AKT pathway.	[241]
SC-EV	DPN	Exosomes derived from Schwann cells ameliorate peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic mice.	[247]
CEC-sEV	CIPN	Small extracellular vesicles ameliorate peripheral neuropathy and enhance chemotherapy of oxaliplatin on ovarian cancer.	[238]
hBM-MSC-EVs	CIPN	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes resole doxorubicin-induced chemobrain: Critical role of their miRNA cargo.	[248]
hUC-MSC	Microglial activation of NP	Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate NP by inhibiting activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway in the spinal microglia by targeting Rasad2.	[249]
MSC	Microglial activation of NP	Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-99b-3p restrain microglial activation and NP by stimulating autophagy.	[250]
BM-MSC	NP via sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury	Exosomes carried miR-181c-5p alleviates NP in CCI rat models.	[251]
MSC	NP via spinal neuroinflammation	Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells alleviate neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in interstitial cystitis rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	[252]
hUC-MSC	Alleviate inflammatory pain	Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate inflammatory pain by regulating microglia pyroptosis and autophagy via the miR-146a-5p/TRAF6 axis.	[253]