Table 2.
Comparison of previous physical examination indicators and CKD risk in the Air Force (N = 212).
| Item | First Physical Examination | Second Physical Examination | Third Physical Examination | Fourth Physical Examination | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | |
| Age | 0.910 (0.804–1.030) | 0.940 (0.874–1.011) | 0.954 (0.888–1.025) | 0.963 (0.899–1.032) | ||||
| Abnormal urobilinogen (vs. normal) | 19.800 (3.819–102.659) ** | 16.969 (3.158–91.189) * | 6.067 (1.835–20.055) * | 4.820 (1.362–17.053) * | 8.259 (2.384–28.609) * | 7.414 (2.091–26.290) * | 4.590 (1.441–14.614) * | 4.359 (1.358–13.986) * |
| Abnormal ketones in urine (vs. normal) | 3.095 (0.343–27.914) | 3.762 (0.395–35.798) | 2.950 (0.875–9.951) | 3.806 (1.065–13.601) * | 4.880 (1.366–17.436) * | 5.301 (1.447–19.416) * | 1.222 (0.260–5.747) | 1.352 (0.283–6.457) |
| Urine occult blood detected (vs. normal) | 1.571 (0.182–13.535) | 1.331 (0.153–11.583) | 10.000 (3.435–29.111) ** | 8.712 (2.914–26.043) ** | 10.175 (3.679–28.147) ** | 9.539 (3.383–26.900) ** | 6.444 (2.329–17.831) ** | 6.113 (2.187–17.085) * |
| Abnormal urine WBCs (vs. normal) | - | - | 12.467 (3.243–47.924) ** | 14.973 (3.641–61.578) ** | 2.400 (0.796–7.240) | 3.387 (1.025–11.186) * | 4.059 (0.984–16.739) | 4.324 (1.033–18.094) * |
| High FBG (vs. normal) | 1.933 (0.373–10.032) | 3.139 (0.547–18.011) | 1.041 (0.381–2.845) | 1.330 (0.468–3.783) | 0.563 (0.180–1.768) | 0.659 (0.204–2.132) | 0.301 (0.085–1.062) | 0.319 (0.090–1.135) |
| Abnormal BUN (vs. normal) | - | - | 3.316 (0.329–33.465) | 3.609 (0.350–37.207) | - | - | 3.316 (0.329–33.465) | 2.848 (0.273–29.707) |
| Abnormal SCr (vs. normal) | - | - | - | - | 1.731 (0.197–15.188) | 1.863 (0.210–16.526) | 1.706 (0.456–6.385) | 1.842 (0.486–6.986) |
| Abnormal uric acid (vs. normal) | 2.091 (0.057–8.621) | 2.042 (0.491–8.498) | 0.973 (0.336–2.816) | 0.863 (0.295–2.526) | 0.406 (0.114–1.445) | 0.391 (0.109–1.399) | 1.351 (0.462–3.948) | 1.278 (0.434–3.760) |
| Abnormal LDLC (vs. normal) | 5.500 (0.629–48.125) | 7.885 (0.843–73.774) | 2.286 (0.758–6.890) | 2.126 (0.694–6.514) | 1.005 (0.390–2.588) | 1.128 (0.429–2.965) | 0.420 (0.147–1.201) | 0.441 (0.153–1.271) |
a Multivariate analysis after controlling for age. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. If no OR is presented, the variable is a constant since no statistics can be calculated. R2: Only significant values are listed. (1) First physical examination: urobilinogen 0.164, 0.190. (2) Second physical examination: urobilinogen 0.073, 0.083; ketones in urine 0.067; urine occult blood 0.154, 0.163; urine WBCs 0.116, 0.154. (3) Third physical examination: urobilinogen 0.094, 0.101; ketones in urine 0.051, 0.072; urine occult blood 0.187, 0.190; urine WBCs 0.055. (4) Fourth physical examination: urobilinogen 0.056, 0.064; urine occult blood 0.113, 0.117; urine WBCs 0.045.