Table 1.

Themes and topics from COVID-19 vaccine discourse between January and April 2022 on Twitter and YouTube in the United Kingdom.

Themes or topics of discussion	Examples of tweets	Example of YouTube comments
Vaccination implementation	“There is a witch hunt against black and Asian NHS workers who don’t want the vaccine” “We need to stop this race baiting by focusing all the time on BAME”	“Why are we obsessing over BAME groups. It’s just another form of segregation and racism.”
Vaccine development and safety	“The vaccine is an experiment aimed at wiping out humanity” “Stay away from the jab, it’s likely to cause autism in Black people” “You’re less likely to die from having the vaccine then from Covid- vaccines undergo a lot of testing to rule out long term side effects”	“The vaccine is just part of a scheme to reduce the population of minorities. Look at the testing they have done on African women causing infertility” “The vaccine isn’t safe, it was made too quickly”
Wider systemic issues	“It’s not just about mistrust towards institutions but health racism is a real issue too.”	“Remember the Tuskegee trials? They are just trying to use Black and Asian people as guinea pigs now”