Figure 1.

The effects of µ-opioid receptor and OGFr signaling in cancer cells. The image was created with BioRender. Abbreviations: OGF—opioid growth factor, OGFr—opioid growth factor receptor, EGFr—epidermal growth factor receptor, NPC—nuclear pore complex, MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinases, PI3K—Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, JNK—c-Jun N-terminal kinases, ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinases, STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CAMKII—calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II, CDK2—cyclin-dependent kinase 2, CDK4—cyclin-dependent kinase 4, Rb—retinoblastoma protein.