Figure 4.

The effects of LDN and NTX at therapeutic doses on cancerous and healthy cells. The image was created with BioRender. Abbreviations: NTX—naltrexone, LDN—low-dose naltrexone, MOR—μ-opioid receptors, MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase, PKB—protein kinase B, OGF—opioid growth factor, OGFr—opioid growth factor receptor, Bcl-2—B-cell lymphoma protein, Bad—Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death promoter, Bik—Bcl-2-interacting killer, Bax—Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bid—BH3-interacting domain death agonist, CDK1—cyclin-dependent kinase 1, CDK2—cyclin-dependent kinase 2, CDK4—cyclin-dependent kinase, FasL—Fas-ligand, PARP—poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) ribose polymerase, EGFr—epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase, STAT3—signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, ECT—epithelial-mesenchymal transition.