| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| AR | androgen receptor |
| ASO | antisense oligonucleotide |
| CAFS | cancer-associated fibroblasts |
| CD4+/CD8+ TILs | tumor-infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T cells |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase 2 |
| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| CRHR2 | corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 |
| CRPC | castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| CTLA-4 | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 |
| DC | dendritic cell |
| DR5 | death receptor 5 |
| EGFR-TKI | epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| EIF4F | eukaryotic initiation factor 4F |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| EZH2 | enhancer of zeste homolog |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FDR | false discovery rate |
| FGL1 | fibrinogen-like protein 1 |
| FP | FGL1/PD-L1 |
| GSK3β | glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
| GRNA | guide RNA |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HDAC | histone deacetylase |
| HnRNP L | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L |
| Id1 | inhibitor of differentiation |
| IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
| IL-2 | interleukin 2 |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| IL-8 | interleukin 8 |
| Inh-YY1 | YY1 inhibitor |
| ISO | isorhamnetin |
| JAK | janus kinase |
| JNK | jun N-terminal |
| LUAD | MYH9 lung adenocarcinoma |
| mAbs | monoclonal antibodies |
| MDSC | myeloid-derived suppressor cell |
| MGF | mammary gland factor |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| MOR | mu opioid receptor |
| mTOR | mechanistic Target of Rapamycin |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| NK | natural killer |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4 |
| NSCLC | non-small-cell lung cancer |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene |
| PARP | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| PAS | pathway activity scores |
| PD-1 | programmed death-1 |
| PD-L1 | programmed death ligand-1 |
| PD-L2 | programmed death ligand-2 |
| PI3k/AKT | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| PTM | post-translational modification |
| RAS/MAPK | Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| RKIP | Raf kinase inhibitory protein |
| RPPA | reverse-phase protein array |
| RTK | receptor tyrosine kinase |
| sEVs | small extracellular vesicles |
| SDS | sodium dodecyl-sulfate |
| siRNA | small interfering RNA |
| Sp1 | specificity protein 1 |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| T7-exo | T7 peptide-decorated exosome |
| TAM | tumor-associated macrophage |
| TCGA | the cancer genome atlas |
| TCPA | the cancer proteome atlas |
| TF | transcription factor |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-β |
| TIL | tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| TMEM97 | transmembrane protein 97 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| TRAIL | tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
| Treg | regulatory T cell |
| Ucn2 | Urocortin-2 |
| YY1 | Yin Yang 1 |