| PD-1 | Programmed cell death protein-1 |
| PD-L1 | Programmed death ligand-1 |
| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| ITIM | Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif |
| ITSM | Intracellular domain of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| APCs | Antigen-presenting cells |
| IL-2 | Interleukin-2 |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-γ |
| N-SH2 | N-terminal |
| C-SH2 | C-terminal |
| SH2 | Src homology-2 |
| DHHC | Asp-His-His-Cys |
| E1 | Ubiquitin-activating enzyme |
| E2 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme |
| E3 | Ubiquitin-protein ligase |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| SHP | Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase |
| PTM | Post-translational modification |