AD	Alzheimer’s Disease
ADAF-1	apoptotic protease activating factor-1
AET	aerobic exercise training
ALP	autophagy-lysosomal pathway
ApoE	apolipoprotein E
APP	amyloid precursor protein
ATP	adenosine triphosphate (energy)
Aβ	amyloid-beta
AβPP	amyloid beta protein precursor
BBB	blood brain barrier
Ca2+	calcium
CAT	catalase
cGAMP	cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′-Cyclic GMP-AMP
cGAS	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CLPP	Clp protease proteolytic subunit
CoQ	coenzyme Q/ubiquinone
CoQ10	coenzyme Q10
CR	caloric restriction
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
DOPAC	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ETC	electron transport chain
FPR	formyl-peptide receptor
GHS	glutathione
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GSC	germline stem cell
H+	protons
H2O	water
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HD	Huntington’s Disease
HO•	hydroxyl radical
HTT	huntingtin
HVA	homovanillic acid
IFN-I	type I interferon
IMM	inner mitochondrial membrane
IRF-3	interferon regulatory factor 3
KDC	ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
KI	knock-in
KO	knock-out
KRS	Kufor–Rakeb syndrome
LONP	lon protease homologue
MAO	monoamine oxidase
MCU	mitochondrial calcium uniporter
mDAMP	mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern
MFRTA	mitochondrial free-radical theory of aging
MI	myocardial infarction
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
MTFMT	methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase
mtROS	mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
nDNA	nuclear DNA
NFT	intracellular neurofibrillary tangle
NLR	NOD-like receptor
O2•−	superoxide radical
OMM	outer mitochondrial membrane
oxCL	oxidized cardiolipin
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
P2	purinergic
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PD	Parkinson’s Disease
PDC	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator
PINK-1	PTEN-induced kinase-1
PolgA	mtDNA polymerase-γ
PRR	pattern recognition receptor
PS1/2	presenilin 1 or 2
pTAU	hyperphosphorylated tau
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RET	resistance exercise training
ROS	reactive oxygen species
rRNA	ribosomal RNA
SNpc	substantia nigra pars compacta
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TFAM	Transcription factor A mitochondrial
TLR	toll-like receptor
tRNA	transfer RNA
UPS	Ubiquitin Proteasome System
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion channel
VDR	vitamin D receptor
YAC	yeast artificial chromosome
α-Syn	alpha-synuclein
4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
5-Lox	5-lypoxygenase
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
8-OHdG	8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine