Table 4.
Participant Characteristics. NR = Not Reported.
| (Author, Year of Publication) | Number of Participants | Mean Age | Meyers and McKeever Classification | Surgical Approach | Fixation Method | Mean Follow-Up Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Abdelkafy and Said, 2014) [11] | 13 | 10 ± 2.6 | I: 0 II: 0 III: 13 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 13 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 13 |
10.8 ± 6.8 months |
| (Brunner et al., 2016) [12] | 25 | Group A: 11.1 ± 3.3 Group B: 11.7 ± 3.3 |
I: 0 II: 11 III: 14 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 25 Open: 0 |
Screw: 10 (non-absorbable suture with screw; Group B) Suture: 15 (absorbable with transosseus fixation; Group A) |
Group A: 28.1 ± 4.6 months Group B: 47.4 ± 20.7 months |
| (Caglar et al., 2021) [13] | 28 | 14.2 (8–18) | I: 0 II: 16 III: 10 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 28 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 28 |
4.64 years |
| (Callanan et al., 2019) [14] | 68 | 11.8 ± 2.99 | I: 0 II: 14 III: 50 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 68 Open: 0 |
Screw: 35 Suture: 33 |
26 (17–47) months |
| (Casalonga et al., 2010) [15] | 32 | 12.0 | I: 8 II: 17 III: 5 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 0 Open: 7 Conservative: 25 |
Screw: 3 Suture: 4 |
14 years and 11 months (5–21 years) |
| (Chalopin et al., 2022) [16] | 17 | 12 (7–15) | I: 0 II: 5 III: 9 IV: 3 |
Arthroscopic: 17 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 17 (Single sutures: 11, Double sutures: 6) |
28 months (16–48 months) |
| (Chotel et al., 2016) [17] | 15 | 6.5 ± 1.4 | I: 0 II: 3 III: 6 IV: 6 |
Arthroscopic: 6 Open: 0 Mixed: 4 Conservative: 2 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 8 |
4.6 years (1–18.5) |
| (D’ambrosio et al., 2022) [18] | 34 | 11.5 ± 2.7 | I: 0 II: 19 III: 12 IV: 3 |
Arthroscopic: 34 Open: 0 |
Screw: 34 Suture: 0 |
8.8 ± 6 years |
| (Edmonds et al., 2015) [19] | 18 | Arthroscopic: 18.3 ± 2.0 Open: 18.2 ± 3.0 Conservative: 17.4 ± 5.0 |
NR | Arthroscopic: 5 Open: 7 Conservative: 6 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 12 |
Arthroscopic: 5.6 ± 2.0 years Open: 6.8 ± 2.0 years Conservative: 5.8 ± 2.0 years |
| (Furlan et al., 2010) [20] | 10 | 15 (12–17) | I: 0 II: 5 III: 4 IV: 1 |
Arthroscopic: 10 Open: 0 |
NR (K-wire fixation) |
42 (9–78) months |
| (Hirschmann et al., 2009) [21] | 6 | 14 ± 2 | I: 0 II: 2 III: 3 IV: 1 |
Arthroscopic: 6 Open: 0 |
Screw: 6 Suture: 0 |
5 ± 2 years |
| (Jaaskela et al., 2023) [22] | 61 | 11.2 ± 2.6 | I: 1 II: 26 III: 34 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 29 Open: 32 |
Screw: 29 Suture: 32 |
87.0 ± 47.1 months |
| (Kieser et al., 2011) [23] | 9 | 12 (6–15) | I: 0 II: 2 III: 7 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 2 Open: 7 |
Screw: 2 Suture: 6 |
45 (6–260) weeks |
| (Kim et al., 2007) [24] | 10 | 10.5 (7–13) | I: 0 II: 4 III: 6 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 10 Open: 0 |
Screw: 10 Suture: 0 |
22.4 (12–81) months |
| (Kristinsson et al., 2021) [25] | 13 | 11 (4–15) | I: 0 II: 9 III: 2 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 13 Open: 0 |
Screw: 13 Suture: 0 |
6.5 (1–10) years |
| (Liljeros et al., 2009) [26] | 13 | 11 (7–15) | I: 0 II: 1 III: 12 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 13 Open: 0 |
Screw: 13 Suture: 0 |
NR |
| (Marie-Laure et al., 2008) [27] | 17 | 12.1 (6–16) | I: 0 II: 17 III: 0 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 0 Open: 17 |
NR | 3 (0.5–7) years |
| (Memisoglu et al., 2016) [28] | 11 | 12.2 (10–16) | I: 0 II: 1 III: 9 (A), 1 (B) IV: 1 |
Arthroscopic: 11 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 0 Both: 11 (+ Endobutton) |
69 (60–84) months |
| (Momaya et al., 2017) [29] | 7 | 11.6 (8–15) | I: 0 II: 1 III: 6 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 7 Open: 0 |
Screw: 7 Suture: 0 |
31 (24–36) months |
| (Najdi et al., 2016) [30] | 24 | 11 (6–15) | I: 0 II: 15 III: 9 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 24 Open: 0 |
Screw: 24 Suture: 0 |
2 (1.5–3) years |
| (Perugia et al., 2009) [31] | 10 | 13.5 (12–15) | I: 0 II: 3 III: 7 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 10 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 10 |
85.8 (20–188) months |
| (Russu et al., 2021) [32] | 12 | 14.3 ± 2.1 | I: 0 II: 0 III: 12 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 12 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 12 |
6 months |
| (Scrimshire et al., 2018) [33] | 40 | 11.8 | I: 3 II: 13 III: 24 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 0 Open: 30 Conservative: 10 |
Screw: 30 Suture: 0 |
36 months |
| (Sharma et al., 2008) [34] | 14 (children), 11 (adults) | 13 (8–16) | I: 0 II: 0 III: 19 IV: 6 |
Arthroscopic: 0 Open: 24 |
Screw: 7 (children), 6 (adults) Suture: 6 (children), 3 (adults) Stainless steel loop: 2 (children), 2 (adults) |
44 months |
| (Shimberg et al., 2022) [35] | 477 | Arthroscopic: 12.1 Open: 12.5 |
I: 14 II: 211 III: 252 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 420 Open: 57 |
NR | 1.12 years |
| (Shin et al., 2018) [36] | 27 | 10.1 ± 2.2 | I: 0 II: 12 III: 13 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 27 Open: 0 |
Screw: 27 Suture: 0 |
3.9 ± 2.2 years |
| (Sinha et al., 2017) [37] | 10 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | NR | Arthroscopic: 10 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 10 |
12 months |
| (Tudisco et al., 2010) [38] | 14 | 12.25 (7–16) | I: 4 II: 3 III: 7 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 6 Open: 1 Conservative: 7 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 14 |
29 (12–42) years |
| (Uboldi et al., 2022) [39] | 19 | 10 (6–13) | I: 0 II: 5 III: 14 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 19 Open: 0 |
Screw: 19 Suture: 0 |
27 (6–60) months |
| (Vega et al., 2008) [40] | 7 | 11.8 | I: 0 II: 0 III: 5 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 7 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 0 Both: 7 |
6 (6–24) months |
| (Watts et al., 2016) [41] | 31 | Arthroscopic group: 12.9 (7–18) Open group: 11.5 (7–16) |
NR | Arthroscopic: 18 Open: 13 |
Screw: 17 Suture: 11 Both: 3 |
Arthroscopic: 13.9 (3–33) months Open: 12.7 (3–50) months |
| (Wiegand et al., 2014) [42] | 8 (+4 treated conservatively) | 12.5 | I: 4 II: 3 III: 5 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 8 Open: 0 Conservative: 4 |
Screw: 8 Suture: 0 |
1 year |
| (Wiktor and Tomaszewski, 2022) [43] | 17 | 10.1 (5–15.2) | I: 0 II: 5 III: 10 IV: 2 |
Arthroscopic: 10 Open: 7 |
Screw: 17 Suture: 0 |
28 ± 21.9 months |
| (Wouters et al., 2010) [44] | 12 | 12.0 (6–15) | NR | Arthroscopic: 12 Open: 0 |
NR | 3–10 years |
| (Xu et al., 2017) [45] | 20 | 15.3 (13–17) | I: 0 II: 10 III: 6 IV: 4 |
Arthroscopic: 20 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 20 |
43.4 (40–47) months |
| (Zhang et al., 2020) [46] | 21 | 12.5 (8–16) | I: 0 II: 14 III: 3 (A), 4 (B) IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 21 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 21 |
28.4 ± 5.6 months |
| (Zheng et al., 2021) [47] | Group 1 (arthroscopically assisted cannulated screw fixation) = 12 Group 2 (open reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation) = 10 |
Group 1: 10.94 ± 2.00 Group 2: 10.85 ± 1.53 |
I: 0 II: 12 III: 22 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 12 Open: 10 |
Screw: 22 Suture: 0 |
27.5 (12–58) months |
| (Zhou et al., 2023) [48] | Group 1 (transtibial pullout suture technique) = 21 Group 2 (percutaneous pullout suture transverse tunnel) = 20 |
Group 1: 12.5 ± 2.6 Group 2: 11.3 ± 2.9 |
I: 0 II: 19 III: 22 IV: 0 |
Arthroscopic: 41 Open: 0 |
Screw: 0 Suture: 41 |
Group 1: 33.27 ± 4.18 months Group 2: 34.15 ± 3.65 months |