Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variables | All patients (n = 143) |
|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 60.41 ± 11.06 |
| Male, n (%) | 92 (64.34%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.96 ± 3.09 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |
| I-II | 20 (13.99%) |
| III-IV | 123 (86.01%) |
| Modified 2004 Mayo stage | |
| II, n (%) | 60 (41.96%) |
| IIIa, n (%) | 36 (25.17%) |
| IIIb, n (%) | 47 (32.87%) |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 23 (16.08%) |
| History of adverse VA/SCD, n (%) | 10 (6.99%) |
| History of chemotherapy, n (%) | 13 (9.09%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 36 (25.17%) |
| CAD, n (%) | 53 (37.06%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 18 (12.59%) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 42 (29.37%) |
| CKD, n (%) | 53 (37.06%) |
| Aortic valve disease, n (%) | 19 (13.29%) |
| Atrial flutter/fibrillation, n (%) | 42 (29.37%) |
| Biomarkers | |
| cTNI, μg/L | 0.13 (0.04–0.25) |
| eGFR, mL/(min 1.73 m2) | 73.52 (54.12–96.35) |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 7753.00 (3191.40–13 170.00) |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 96.12 (74.94–118.31) |
| BUN, mmol/L | 8.37 (6.50–10.43) |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 1.06 (0.58–2.42) |
| dFLC, mg/dL | 30.60 (14.87–63.68) |
| Echocardiogram | |
| LVEF, % | 52.05 ± 10.55 |
| LVEDD, mm | 43.09 ± 5.32 |
| Interventricular septum thickness, mm | 15.25 ± 3.33 |
| LVPW thickness, mm | 13.53 ± 2.36 |
| Holter findings | |
| Average heart rate, bpm | 77 (67–87) |
| Presence of PVC, n (%) | 132 (92.31%) |
| PVC counts, n | 41 (9–168) |
| PVC burden, % | 0.04 (0.01–0.15) |
| PVC counts ≥100, n (%) | 43 (30.07%) |
| PVC counts ≥500, n (%) | 16 (11.19%) |
| Multi-morphological PVC, n (%) | 108 (75.52%) |
| NSVT, n (%) | 50 (34.97%) |
| NSVT episodesa | 2 (1–3) |
| ≥2 NSVT episodes | 33 (23.08%) |
| NSVT length, beatsa | 5 (3–7) |
| NSVT rate, bpma | 131 (113–151) |
| Chemotherapy regimens, n (%) | 50 (34.96%) |
| Dexamethasone, n (%) | 48 (33.57%) |
| Bortezomib, n (%) | 45 (31.47%) |
| Melphalan, n (%) | 2 (1.40%) |
| Daratumumab, n (%) | 21 (14.69%) |
| Immunomodulatory drug, n (%) | 6 (4.20%) |
| ASCT, n (%) | 2 (1.40%) |
| Palliative care, n (%) | 93 (65.03%) |
| CIED treatments, n (%) | 19 (13.29%) |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 14 (9.79%) |
| ICD, n (%) | 5 (3.50%) |
NYHA, New York Heart association; BMI, body mass index; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; SCD, sudden cardiac death; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; dFLC, difference in free light chain; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ASCT, autologous stem-cell transplantation; CIED, cardiac implantable electrical device; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator.
aSummarized as median with interquartile range in patients with presence of non-sustained- ventricular tachycardia.