Table 2.

List of tRNA core modifications linked to stress.

Organism	Modification	Type of Stress	References
S. cerevisiae	Am4	MMS, NaOCl	[121]
E. coli, S. typhimurium	${\mathrm{s}}^4$U8	UV	[147,149,150]
E. coli	${\mathrm{s}}^4$U8/${\mathrm{s}}^4$U9	heat	[125]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}^2$G10	${\mathrm{H}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_2$, NaOCl, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121]
T. thermophilus, E. coli	Gm18	cold/heat	[95,107,125,163]
E. coli, V. cholerae	Gm18	antibiotics	[123,155,164]
S. cerevisiae	Gm18	NaOCl	[121]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}_2^2$G26	${\mathrm{H}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_2$, MMS, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121,122]
S. cerevisiae	Um44	${\mathrm{H}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_2$, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$, NaOCl	[121,165]
C. lagenarium, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. coli	${\mathrm{m}}^7$G46	${\mathrm{H}}_2$ ${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[158,160,161,162]
T. thermophilus, E. coli	${\mathrm{m}}^7$G46	heat	[95,125]
V. cholerae	${\mathrm{m}}^7$G46	antibiotics	[164]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}^7$G46	MMS, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121,165]
E. coli	${\mathrm{acp}}^3$U47	heat	[125]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}^5$C48/${\mathrm{m}}^5$C50	amino acid, glucose and uracil starvation	[124]
T. thermophilus	${\mathrm{m}}^5$U54	cold	[107,108]
P. furiosus, T. thermophilus	${\mathrm{m}}^5$${\mathrm{s}}^2$U54	heat	[95,104,107,166]
T. thermophilus	$\mathsf{\Psi }$55	cold/heat	[107]
V. cholerae	$\mathsf{\Psi }$55	antibiotics	[164]
T. thermophilus	${\mathrm{m}}^1$A58	heat	[95,105,107]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}^1$A58	${\mathrm{H}}_2$ ${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121]
V. cholerae, E. coli	D	antibiotics	[164]
S. cerevisiae	${\mathrm{m}}^5$C	${\mathrm{H}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_2$, MMS, NaOCl, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121]
S. cerevisiae	Cm	${\mathrm{H}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_2$, MMS, NaAs${\mathrm{O}}_2$	[121]