Table 5.

Comparing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) scores by police officers’ demographics and work-related variables.

Characteristics	N	Mean (SD)	Test and p-Value
Sex
Male	189	17.60 (14.51)	U = 13,496.00 p = 0.41
2.Female	92	18.39 (13.92)
Education
Less than baccalaureate degree	105	17.98 (13.22)	X2 = 0.44 p = 0.80
2.Baccalaureate degree	135	18.17 (15.89)
3.Graduate degree	41	15.95 (11.31)
Race
Caucasian	217	18.05 (14.56)	X2 = 0.23 p = 0.89
2.African American	43	16.64 (13.87)
3.Other †	18	17.57 (12.85)
Job Category
Police Officer	181	17.73 (13.72)	X2 = 0.61 p = 0.74
2.Deputy Sheriff, Trooper	29	15.79 (12.79)
3.Probation and Parole Officer, Correctional Officer, Detention Officer	71	18.72 (15.98)
Served in a leadership position
Yes	79	18.50 (14.21)	U = 11,641.50 p = 0.41
2.No	202	17.50 (14.23)
County
Urban	74	14.01 (13.10)	X2 = 12.49 p = 0.0019 Post hoc: 3 > 1 **
2.Suburban	102	17.34 (14.56)
3.Rural	103	20.87 (13.80)
Required to rotate shifts
Yes	56	19.13 (13.72)	U = 8433.50 p = 0.32
2.No	225	17.63 (14.38)
Required to perform patrol duties
Yes	168	18.13 (13.44)	U = 15,214.50 p = 0.28
2.No	113	17.29 (15.34)
Exposure to toxic materials
Yes	169	19.50 (14.37)	U = 14,105.50 p = 0.0114
2.No	112	15.58 (13.76)

Note: PTSD scale = Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5; U = Mann–Whitney U test; X² = Kruskal–Wallis test; ^† = indicates American Indian/Native Alaskan, Asian, or mixed race; ** = p < 0.01.