Infection with MCMV, but not adenovirus, inhibits renal HBV replication. Kidneys were harvested from each of three to four HBV transgenic mice sacrificed 7 days after infection with 5.0 × 109 PFU of Ad.CBlacZ or 3 days after infection with 2.0 × 104 PFU of MCMV. Total renal DNA and RNA were extracted from one kidney of each animal, analyzed by Southern and Northern blotting, respectively, for the expression of HBV DNA replicative forms and 2′5′-OAS mRNA, and compared with total renal DNA and RNA from mock-infected control mice (time zero). Southern (A) and Northern (B) blot analyses were performed exactly as described in the legend to Fig. 1 for two representative mice per group. Abbreviations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1.