6-PN	6-prenylnaringenin
8-PN	(±)-8-prenylnaringenin
A-2780 cells	Ovarian cancer cells
ABTS	2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
AE	Association Efficiency
AFM	Atomic Force Spectroscopy
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ASDs	Amorphous solid dispersions
b.w.	Body weight
B16F10 cells	Malignant cutaneous melanoma cells
BSEP	Bile salt export pump
BVDV	Bovine viral diarrhoea virus
Caco-2 cells	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
CCD	Central Composite Design
CD	Crohn’s disease
CMV	Herpesviruses cytomegalovirus
CNP	Nanochitosan
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
CPE	Cytopathic effects
CRP	C-reactive protein
CS	Chitosan
DDSs	Drug Delivery Systems
DMX	Desmethylxanthohumol
DPPH	2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DSC	Differential Scanning Calorimetry
EE	Entrapment Efficiency
FTIR	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GMS	Glyceryl monostearate
HaCaT	Human keratinocytes
HA-g-PLLA	Hydroxyapatite-grafted poly(L-lactic acid)
HCE-T cells	Human corneal epithelial cells
HEM-DP	Human melanocytes from darkly pigmented skin
HRV	Human rhinovirus
HSV-1	Herpes simplex virus type 1
HSV-2	Herpes simplex virus type 2
HT-29 cells	Human colon cancer cells
i.p.	Intraperitoneal
i.v.	Intravenous
IC50	Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
ICU	Intensive care unit
IL-12	Interleukin-12
IX	Isoxanthohumol
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MCF-7 cells	Human breast cancer cells
MCT	Medium-chain triglyceride
ME	Microemulsion
MIC	Minimal inhibitory concentration
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
M n	Average molecular weight
Mpro	Main protease
MRC-5	Human lung fibroblast cells
NFκB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
NLR	Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
NPs	Nanoparticles
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2
OLN-93	Oligodendroglia-derived cells
PAMs	Primary alveolar macrophages
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PC12 cells	Pheochromocytoma cells
PCL	Poly(ε-caprolactone)
PCR-DGGE	Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
PDDSs	Polymer Drug Delivery Systems
PEO	Polyethylene oxide
PGA	Poly(glycolic acid)
PK	Pharmacokinetics
PLA	Poly(lactic acid)
PLACL	Poly(lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)
PLCγ2	Phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2
PLGA	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PLR	Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
PPO	Polypropylene oxide
PRRSV	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses
PZ	Serpin-like protein Z
RAW264.7 cells	Macrophagic mouse cells
RES	Resveratrol
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SD	Sprague Dawley
SLNs	Solid lipid nanoparticles
SLs	Sophorolipids
SR	Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
S-SNEDDS	Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TI	Therapeutic index
UC	Ulcerative colitis
US FDA	US Food and Drug Administration
XG	Xanthogalenol
Xn	Xanthohumol
XnC	Xanthohumol C
X-ray Diffraction	X-ray Diffraction
ζ	Zeta potential