Table 1.
List of AHR endogenous ligands.
| Ligand | Source | Class | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indole acrylic acid (IA) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) Indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) Indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) |
Diet | Agonist | [38] |
| L-Kynurenine (Kyn) Kynurenic acid (KA) 6-Formyl indolo (3,2-b) carbazole (FICZ) Indoxyl-3-sulfate (I3S) Tryptamine Tryptanthrin Xanthurenic acid |
Tryptophan catabolic pathway | Agonist | [39,40,41,42] |
| Bilirubin Biliverdin Lipoxin A4 |
Host metabolism | Agonist | [43,44] |