. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 27.

Published in final edited form as: J Vasc Access. 2019 Oct 14;21(2):161–168. doi: 10.1177/1129729819863584

Table 2.

Pre–existing and postoperative VVD in fistulas that matured and failed.

	VVD (count/mm²)		p-value
	Matured	Failed
Pre-existing—veins
Intima	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.52
Media	4.8 [0.3–9.4]	6.8 [0.0–17.5]	0.85
Adventitia	6.4 [1.7–11.4]	8.4 [2.0–23.5]	0.62
Total	5.3 [1.1–9.6]	7.4 [1.8–18.3]	0.65
Postoperative—AVFs
Intima	0.0 [0.0–0.2]	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.54
Media	3.0 [0.8–10.7]	6.3 [1.7–11.8]	0.41
Adventitia	6.4 [5.3–14.1]	8.0 [5.7–11.4]	0.74
Total	3.5 [1.8–7.9]	5.0 [2.3–10.3]	0.25

VVD: vasa vasorum density; AVF: arteriovenous fistula.

VVD was calculated as the number of microvessels per layer (and total) over the area of the corresponding wall layer or of the entire wall (total). Values are presented as median [interquartile range].