Visual Postural Assessment
Craniovertebral Angle (CVA)	Where a line drawn from the tragus of the ear to the C7 vertebra intersects a horizontal line, the CV angle is formed.		Singla D, Veqar Z, Hussain ME. Photogrammetric Assessment of Upper Body Posture Using Postural Angles: A Literature Review. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Jun;16(2):131–138. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [122]
Sagittal Head Tilt (SHT)	This angle, which is formed between a line from the canthus of the eye and the tragus of the ear and the horizontal, is a measure of the posture of the upper cervical spine.		Singla D, Veqar Z, Hussain ME. Photogrammetric Assessment of Upper Body Posture Using Postural Angles: A Literature Review. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Jun;16(2):131–138. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [122]
Sagittal Shoulder-C7 Angle	Where a horizontal line passing through the lateral shoulder meets the line drawn from C7 to the lateral shoulder, the point of intersection forms the sagittal shoulder-C7 angle.		Singla D, Veqar Z, Hussain ME. Photogrammetric Assessment of Upper Body Posture Using Postural Angles: A Literature Review. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Jun;16(2):131–138. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [122]
Tragus Wall Distance (TWD)	Measurement of the tragus to a wall behind the subject utilizing a 30 cm combination square.		Shipe NK, Billek-Sawhney B, Canter TA, Meals DJ, Nestler JM, Stumpff JL. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the tragus wall distance (TWD) measurement in non-pathological participants ages 18–34. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013 May;29(4):328–34. [126]
Anterior Head Translation (AHT)	A vertical line originating from the posterior inferior body corner of C7 and measuring the horizontal displacement of the posterior superior corner of C2 relative to this vertical line drawn superiorly from the posterior inferior body C7.		Moustafa IM, Diab AA, Harrison DE. The effect of normalizing the sagittal cervical configuration on dizziness, neck pain, and cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility: a 1-year randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Feb;53(1):57–71. [108]
Flexi-curve Ruler	A malleable band of metal covered with plastic and approximately 60 cm in length. The ruler can be bent in only one plane and retains the shape to which it is bent. Commonly used to measure thoracic kyphosis.		Yanagawa TL, Maitland ME, Burgess K, Young L, Hanley D. Assessment of Thoracic Kyphosis Using the Flexi-curve for Individuals with Osteoporosis. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2000 Aug;18(2):53–7. [129]