Table 1.
Key studies on different pacing strategies using UHF-ECG.
| Study | Year | Patients No. | Pacing Indication | Pacing Strategy Studied | Main Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jurak et al. [46] | 2017 | 17 | CRT | BiV-CRT | Introducing UHF-ECG technique for identification differences in electrical activation. |
| Plesinger et al. [51] | 2018 | 949 | CRT | BiV-CRT | LBBB patients with a high baseline UHF-ECG ventricular electrical delay benefited most from CRT. |
| Curila et al. [56] | 2020 | 46 | Bradycardia | HBP | Both selective and non-selective HBP, but not myocardial pacing, preserve ventricular electrical synchrony as measured using UHF-ECG. |
| Curila et al. [52] | 2021 | 51 | Bradycardia | RVP/non-selective HBP/RBBP | RV inflow tract pacing produces better ventricular synchrony than other RV pacing locations. Concomitant capture of His bundle or proximal RBB along with adjacent myocardium results in the most synchronous ventricular activation. |
| Curila et al. [53] | 2021 | 68 | Bradycardia | LBBP/LVSP | LBBP preserves physiological LV depolarization but increases interventricular dyssynchrony. LVSP prolongs LV lateral wall depolarization but preserves interventricular dyssynchrony to the same level as HBP. |
| Curila et al. [55] | 2021 | 57 | Bradycardia | LBBP/LVSP | In patients with bradycardia, LVSP in close proximity to LBB resulted in better interventricular synchrony than non-selective LBBP and selective LBBP, and did not significantly prolong the depolarization of the left ventricular lateral wall. |
| Curila et al. [54] | 2023 | 75 | Bradycardia | HBP/LBBP/RVSP | Although anodal LBBP improved ventricular synchrony and the depolarization duration of the septum and RV compared to unipolar non-selective LBBP, the resultant ventricular depolarization was still less physiological than during HBP. |
| Sussenbek et al. [58] | 2021 | 80 | CRT | LBBAP-CRT/BiV-CRT | Both BiV-CRT and LBBAP significantly reduce ventricular dyssynchrony in CRT patients with LBBB. The left bundle branch area pacing is associated with more physiological ventricular activation. |
Abbreviations: HBP = His bundle pacing; RVP = right ventricular pacing; RBBP = right bundle branch pacing; LBBP = left bundle branch pacing; LVSP = left ventricular septal pacing; RVSP = right ventricular septal pacing; LBBAP = left bundle branch area pacing; BiV-CRT = biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy; RV = right ventricle; RBB = right bundle branch; LV = left ventricle; LBB = left bundle branch; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy.