Table 2.
Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of the total study population and per strain-based group.
| Total Population n = 712 |
Preserved Strain Group n = 191 |
Single-Ventricle Impaired Strain Group n = 314 |
Biventricular-Impaired Strain Group n = 207 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV end–diastolic volume index, mL | 55 (±24) | 46 (±14) | 53 (±21) * | 65 (±31) * + | <0.001 |
| LV end–systolic volume index, mL | 26 (±19) | 17 (±8) | 25 (±16) * | 37 (±24) * + | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction < 50% | 218 (31) | 0 | 85 (27) * | 133 (64) * + | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 125 (±38) | 114 (±34) | 127 (±36) * | 133 (±39) * | <0.001 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 13 (±4) | 18 (±2) | 13 (±3) * | 10 (±3) * + | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 41 (31–53) | 38 (29–46) | 40 (31–52) | 46 (36–57) * + | <0.001 |
| E/e’ ratio | 17 (12–24) | 15 (12–21) | 17 (12–24) | 19 (14–26) * | 0.007 |
| Severe mitral regurgitation | 40 (6) | 4 (2) | 18 (6) | 18 (9) * | 0.019 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.8 (±0.3) | 0.8 (±0.3) | 0.8 (±0.3) | 0.8 (±0.3) | 0.602 |
| Mean aortic valve gradient, mmHg | 42 (±16) | 46 (±17) | 44 (±16) | 36 (±15) * + | <0.001 |
| Peak aortic velocity (m/s) | 4 (±0.7) | 4 (±0.5) | 4 (±0.4) | 4 (±0.5) * + | <0.001 |
| Severe aortic regurgitation | 17 (2) | 4 (2) | 6 (2) | 7 (3) | 0.300 |
| TAPSE, mm | 19 (±5) | 21 (±4) | 19 (±4) * | 16 (±4) * + | <0.001 |
| RV free wall strain, % | 22 (±7) | 28 (±5) | 24 (±5) * | 15 (±4) * + | <0.001 |
| PASP, mmHg | 35 (29–44) | 30 (35–42) | 33 (27–42) | 38 (30–49) * + | 0.004 |
| Severe tricuspid regurgitation | 33 (5) | 3 (2) | 10 (3) | 20 (10) * | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%). Abbreviations: LV: left ventricle; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV: right ventricle; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure. * Significant difference with “preserved strain group”; + Significant difference with “single-ventricle impaired strain group” (after Bonferroni correction).