Table 4.
Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis for all-cause mortality.
| Baseline Model | Baseline Model + Strain Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 0.963 (0.874–1.061) | 0.446 | 0.964 (0.874–1.063) | 0.464 |
| Male sex | 1.583 (1.113–2.251) | 0.011 | 1.528 (1.071–2.180) | 0.019 |
| Smoking | 1.475 (1.026–2.121) | 0.036 | 1.439 (1.008–2.069) | 0.040 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.038 (0.729–1.477) | 0.838 | 1.013 (0.711–1.443) | 0.942 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.271 (0.880–1.836) | 0.064 | 1.230 (0.849–1.782) | 0.073 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1.372 (0.973–1.933) | 0.071 | 1.412 (1.002–1.990) | 0.079 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.455 (1.046–2.024) | 0.026 | 1.411 (1.036–2.003) | 0.030 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 1.116 (0.765–1.627) | 0.301 | 1.116 (0.765–1.627) | 0.570 |
| NYHA III-IV | 1.229 (0.877–1.722) | 0.231 | 1.186 (0.847–1.662) | 0.321 |
| LVEF < 50% | 0.915 (0.620–1.351) | 0.655 | 0.787 (0.525–1.179) | 0.245 |
| Severe mitral regurgitation | 1.147 (0.587–2.244) | 0.188 | 1. 060 (0.542–2.074) | 0.865 |
| Severe tricuspid regurgitation | 1.493 (0.735–3.032) | 0.026 | 1.412 (1.002–1.990) | 0.331 |
| Strain-based groups: | 0.040 | |||
| Preserved | Reference group | |||
| Single-ventricle impaired | 1.716 (1.084–2.717) | 0.021 | ||
| Biventricular impaired | 1.902 (1.116–3.241) | 0.018 | ||
Abbreviations: HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: LV ejection fraction. Age is expressed per 5-year increase, CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/m2.