Figure 1.

Effect of lipid-lowering therapies on NETs. A. Cholesterol synthesis and HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). The pleiotropic effects of statins are described: statins have antibacterial and antimicrobial effects and could promote the production of NETs. Statins could also reduce clinical progression of sepsis. In sepsis, NETs function could be a useful biomarker. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic effect of statins could reduce the formation of NETs via the inhibition of PAD4 and MPO. B. PSCK9 inhibitors possibly could inhibit the formation of NETs. C, D, and E. Bempedoic acid, EPA, and fibrates, respectively, with no known effect on NETs and NETosis. Black arrows indicate reaction, red arrows indicate decrease, blue arrows indicate increase, blunt arrows indicate inhibition.