Table 3. Adjusted coefficients examining direct effects of prepubertal risk factors on age at breast development onset (TS II); direct effects of prepubertal risk factors and age at breast development onset (TS II) on the adulthood CMR composite; and mediated effects of prepubertal risk factors on the adulthood CMR composite via age at breast development onset (TS II).
|
Prepubertal risk factors, pubertal timing (breast), and adulthood cardiometabolic risk |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct Effects: Prepubertal risk factors → pubertal timing (breast TS II) |
Direct Effects: Prepubertal risk factors and pubertal timing (breast TS II) → CMR composite |
Mediated Effects: Prepubertal risk factors → pubertal timing (breast TS II) → CMR composite |
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| DV: Breast TS II | DV: CMR Composite | DV: CMR Composite | ||||
| Effect Estimate |
95% CI | Effect Estimate |
95% CI | Effect Estimate |
95% CI | |
| PREDICTORS: | ||||||
| Prepubertal risk factors: | ||||||
| Maternal menarcheal age | 0.094*** | 0.043, 0.145 | 0.010 | -0.063, 0.082 | -0.016** | -0.032, -0.005 |
| Black (vs. White) | -0.444*** | -0.679, -0.210 | 0.001 | -0.302, 0.305 | 0.077** | 0.023, 0.148 |
| Latina (vs. White) | -0.130 | -0.456, 0.196 | -0.161 | -0.637, 0.315 | - | - |
| Asian/PI (vs. White) | -0.601† | -1.230, 0.028 | -0.420 | -1.278, 0.437 | 0.104* | -0.004, 0.253 |
| Other (vs. White) | -0.028 | -0.455, 0.398 | -0.278 | -0.836, 0.279 | - | - |
| General health rating | -0.035 | -0.169, 0.098 | 0.002 | -0.150, 0.154 | - | - |
| BMI percentile | -0.006*** | -0.008, -0.003 | 0.006** | 0.002, 0.010 | 0.001** | 0.0003, 0.002 |
| Child SES | 0.091* | 0.002, 0.179 | -0.153* | -0.304, -0.001 | -0.016* | -0.038, 0.0001 |
| Mother-child attachment | -0.080 | -0.358, 0.198 | 0.030 | -0.351, 0.411 | - | - |
| Maternal sensitivity | -0.064 | -0.163, 0.036 | -0.131† | -0.278, 0.016 | - | - |
| Negative life events | -0.051 | -0.150, 0.048 | 0.011 | -0.149, 0.170 | - | - |
| Pubertal timing indicator: | ||||||
| Breast TS II | - | - | -0.173** | -0.279, -0.068 | - | - |
†p < .10
*p< .05
**p< .01
***p< .001
****p< .0001.
Note: For the indirect effects of Asian/PI and Child SES, there were discrepancies between the corresponding p-values (both p < .05) and 95% CIs (both suggesting p>.05). In both cases, the joint test suggested the indirect effect had a p-value close to .05 and, in those cases, the partial posterior (for exact p-values) and empirical Bayes (for CIs) methods demonstrated some variation of estimation around the .05 threshold.