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. 2024 Mar 21;14(3):418. doi: 10.3390/life14030418

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the intricate network involving mediators of chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder (CKD–MBD) and vascular calcification. Abbreviations: CKD–MBD, chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder; MGP, Matrix Gla protein; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; AGE, advanced glycated end-products; AGE-rs, advanced glycated end-products soluble receptors; OPG, osteoprotegerin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Ca, calcium; Pi, inorganic phosphate.