Expression of autophagy [A-D; BECN1, LC3, ATG5, ATG7], inflammatory [E,F; NFATC1, IL-1β], and bone turnover markers [G-M; RANKL, RANKL/OPG, OPG, OSX, RUNX2, MMP9, OCN] increases in peri-dental tissues after orthodontic loading at time points 1, 3, and 7 days after loading but fold change varies with force level applied (n=3 each at each time point and force level, 0g control, 15g, 30g and 45g). Y axis displays fold change in mRNA level. Statistical significance (p< 0.05) is indicated by an asterisk next to the timepoint, when there were significant differences between all groups at that time point. Significant pairwise comparisons (p< 0.05) are noted with an asterisk and a bracket. Convention: * p<0.05.