Table 3.
Antitumor activity of compounds from minority orders in lung cancer.
| Sponge | Compounds | Chemical Class | Methods of Production | Cell Line (NSCLC/SCLC) | IC50 | In Vivo * | Molecular Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iotrochota purpurea | itampolin A derivative (52) | Brominated tyrosine alkaloid | Chemical synthesis | A549 (NSCLC) | 0.66 μM (48 h) | ✗ | Decreased expression of phospho-p38 | [48] |
| Mycale henscheli | peloruside A (53) | Polyketide | Isolation and chemical synthesis (both methods) | NR | NR | ✓ | (H460 xenografts) Dose-dependent decrease in tumor growth, with TGI values of 88% at 5 mg/kg and 99% at 10 mg/kg, with no deaths. (A549 Xenografts) TGI ranging from 51% to 74% | [49] |
| Phakellia fusca | phakellistatin 17 (54), phakellistatin 18 (55), phakellistatin 18 analog 1 (56), and phakellistatin 18 analog 2 (57) | Proline-rich cyclopeptides | Chemical synthesis | A549 (NSCLC) |
54: >100 μM 55: 72.42 μM 56: 67.53 μM 57: 79.71 μM (72 h) |
✗ | NR | [50] |
| Jaspis stellifera | stellettin B (Stel B) (58) | Isomalabaricane triterpene | Isolation | A549 (NSCLC) | 0.022 μM (48 h) |
✗ | Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Induction of G1 arrest (↑p27 and ↓cyclin D1), apoptosis (↑PARP cleavage and ↑ROS generation), and autophagy (↑LC3B II/I, ↑Atg5, and ↓p62). | [51] |
| Raspailia bouryesnaultae | raspailol (59), raspadiene (60), kerlinic acid (61), kerlinic acid methyl ester (62), annonene (63), and 6-hydroxyannonene (64) | Clerodane diterpenes | Isolation | A549 (NSCLC) |
59: 24.12 μM 60: 100.3 μM 61: 66.22 μM 62: 20.63 μM 63: 143.7 μM 64: 24.52 μM (48 h) |
✗ | NR | [54] |
| Acanthodendrilla sp. | (S)- acanthodendrilline (65) and (R)- acanthodendrilline (66) | Bromotyrosine alkaloid | Chemical synthesis | H292 (NSCLC) |
65: 58.5 ± 6.7 μM 66: 173.5 ± 24.7 μM (72 h) |
✗ | NR | [55] |
| Chondrosia corticata | halichondramide (67), jaspisamide A (68), neohalichondramide (69), halishigamide D (70), and (19Z)-halichondramide (71) | Oxazole-containing macrolide | Isolation | A549 (NSCLC) |
67: 0.045 μM 68: 32.63 μM 69: 3.73 μM 70: 1.65 μM 71: 0.024 μM (72 h) |
✗ | G2/M cell cycle arrest (↑p53, ↑GADD45α, ↓cyclin B1, ↓cyclin A, ↓CDC2, and ↓CDC25C) and suppression of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (71). | [56] |
| Ianthella basta | bastadin-6 (72), bastadin-9 (73), bastadin-16 (74), methyl-[2-hydroxyimino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]-propionate (75), methyl-[2-hydroxyimino-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)]-propionate (76), norbromohemibastadin-1 (77), L-tyrosine-tyramide A (78), and 5,5′-dibromohemibastadin-1 (79) | Bastadins |
72–74: Isolation 4–8: Chemical synthesis |
A549 (NSCLC) |
72: 3 μM 73: 7 μM 74: 8 μM 75–78: >100 μM 79: 68 μM (72 h) |
✗ | NR | [57] |
| NR | alkaloid analogs with 2-amino-1H-imidazole core | Alkaloid | Chemical synthesis | A549 (NSCLC) | 14.15–43.72 μM (72 h) | ✓ | Inhibition of tumor growth in A549 xenograft models. | [58] |
* in vivo in lung cancer; not reported, NR; tumor growth inhibition, TGI; non-small-cell lung cancer, NSCLC; non-tumoral, NT; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K; protein kinase B, Akt; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR, mTOR; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, p27; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP; reactive oxygen species, ROS; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B, LC3B; autophagy-related 5, Atg5; tumor protein P53, p53; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha, GADD45α; cyclin-dependent kinase-1, CDC2; cell division cycle 25C, CDC25C; no in vivo evaluation in lung cancer, ✗; in vivo evaluation in lung cancer, ✓; increase, ↑; decrease, ↓.