Table 3.

Examples of determination of polymers in various samples using different pretreatment techniques as well as methods for identification and detection.

Sample	Polymers	Sample Pretreatment	Method	Ref.
Water, sediment	PES, PA, PS	Catalytic wet peroxidation with H2O2, NaClO, and Fenton reagents,	SEM, FTIR	[80]
Sand	PE, PET, PS, PA, PVC	Wet peroxidation with H2O2 5.3 M NaCl Filtration	μ-FTIR	[81]
Sand, sediment	PE, PS, PET, PP, PVC, Silicone, Nylon 6, Polyimide, Polysulfone	Drying, sieving Oxidation with H2O2 and Fenton reagents (H2O2 + Fe2+)	FTIR Raman spectroscopy	[82]
Indoor dust	PET, PA, PP, PE	Digestion with 30% H2O2 and ZnCl2 Filtration through metal filter, sonication with ethanol	LDIR LC-MS/MS	[83]
Surface water	PE, PP, PS, PVC, PET, PDMS, CPE	Oxidation with 30% H2O2 + 0.05 M FeSO4·7H2O 5 M NaCl Filtration	Pyr-GC/MS FTIR	[84]
Atmospheric aerosol Atmospheric deposition	PET, PC	Sieving, digestion, density separation, filtration, drying	Microscope, SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS	[85]
Surface water	PE, PP	Sieving, oxidation with 30% and 0.05 M Fe(II) 5 M NaCl Filtration, drying	SEM, FTIR	[86]
Marine fish (gastrointestinal tract)	PET, PP, PAN, PE, PVAc, PA, PS, PB, PC	Digestion with 10% KOH and 30% H2O2 Filtration, drying	SEM, FTIR	[40]
Water, sediment, tadpoles	PES, PP	Digestion with 30% H2O2 Filtration, drying	SEM, FTIR	[87]
Sea water	LDPE, PA, PET, PVC	Resuspension water SDS (150 g.L−1), ultrasonication, filtration	Raman spectroscopy	[88]
Indoor and outdoor air	PC, PE, PET, PS, PVC, PP		Raman spectroscopy	[89]

SDS—sodium dodecylsulfate; PDMS—polydmethylsiloxane; CPE—chlorinated polyethylene, PVAc—polyvinyl acetate; PB—polybutene; LDPE—low-density polyethylene.