Table 3.

Arterial stiffness, left ventricular deformation parameters and glycated hemoglobin in the four study groups at baseline and 6 months post-treatment.

	Total	Insulin	GLP1 (Liraglutide)	SGLT2 (Empagliflozin)	GLP1 & SGLT2 (Liraglutide and Empagliflozin)
PWV baseline (m/s)	11.98 ± 2.76	12.06 ± 3.02	11.54 ± 2.91	11.86 ± 2.51	12.01 ± 2.46
PWV follow-up (m/s)	11.56 ± 2.47	11.62 ± 2.79 *	11.05 ± 2.52 *	11.33 ± 2.28 *	10.85 ± 1.79 *
p	0.008	0.142	0.032	0.047	0.021
SBP CENTRAL baseline (mmHg)	127.8 ± 18.3	130.8 ± 19.2	120.6 ± 14.6	125.8 ± 18.7	130.6 ± 18.5
SBP CENTRAL follow-up (mmHg)	125.6 ± 18.9	131.2 ± 19.8	119.2 ± 15.4 *	122.3 ± 16.2 *	127.1 ± 19.8 *
p	0.349	0.987	0.045	0.023	0.010
GLS baseline (%)	−17.9 ± 4.1	−18.5 ± 3.9	−18.2 ± 4.1	−18.1 ± 3.9	−16.7 ± 3.9
GLS follow-up (%)	−18.5 ± 3.9	−18.9 ± 3.5	−19.1 ± 3.5 *	−19.1 ± 3.8 *	−17.5 ± 4.3 *
p	0.026	0.202	0.03	0.039	0.026
HbA1c (%) baseline	8.0 ± 1.2	8.1 ± 1.1	8.1 ± 0.9	7.9 ± 0.9	8.0 ± 1.2
HbA1c (%) follow-up	6.7 ± 1.1	6.9 ± 1.0 *	7.0 ± 0.9 *	7.1 ± 1 *	6.4 ± 0.8 *
p	0.015	0.019	0.017	0.035	0.006

Data are presented as mean ± SD. PWV: pulse wave velocity; SBP: systolic blood pressure; GLS: global longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin. * p < 0.05, for time × treatment interaction obtained by repeated-measures ANOVA. P presented in Table reflects comparisons of 6 months vs. baseline by ANOVA using post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction.