OTUs	Operational Taxonomic Units
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Trp	Tryptophan
BA	Bile acids
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
UFAs	Unsaturated fatty acids
DEGs	Differential expression of genes
UT-B	Urea transporter protein
TLR	Toll-like receptor
GSPEs	Grape seed proanthocyanidins