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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 3.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Econom. 2023 May 3;15:349–388. doi: 10.1146/annurev-economics-021423-031905

Table 2.

Summary of Intergenerational Outcomes: Children of the Original Participants of Perry and ABC

Male Children
Female Children
Control Mean
Mean Difference (MD)
MD p-value
Control Mean
Mean Difference (MD)
MD p-value
Panel a. Perry
 High School Graduate (Age 18 or older) 0.67 −0.01 0.582 0.74 0.13 0.026
 College Graduate (Age 23 or older) 0.04 0.08 0.063 0.31 −0.09 0.846
 Employed (Age 23 or older) 0.48 0.19 0.040 0.41 0.09 0.218
 Never Arrested (Age 18 or older) 0.37 0.14 0.089 0.78 0.06 0.210
 In Good Health (Age 18 or older) 0.82 0.12 0.006 0.85 0.10 0.030
 Not a Parent (Ages 14 to 22) 1.00 0.00 1.000 0.83 0.12 0.234
 Never Divorced (Age 23 or older) 0.93 0.07 0.028 0.86 0.11 0.016

Panel b. ABC
 High School Graduate (Age 18 or older) 0.66 −0.06 0.718 0.28 0.18 0.067
 College Graduate (Age 23 or older) 0.55 −0.08 0.683 0.18 0.25 0.068
 Not Idle (Age 15 or older) 0.91 0.06 0.083 0.98 0.00 0.572
 In Good Health (Age 18 or older) 0.83 0.18 0.000 0.88 0.10 0.133
 Not a Parent (Ages 14 to 22) 0.63 0.17 0.069 0.94 −0.01 0.584

Note: Panel a. presents the control-group mean and treatment-control mean difference (MD) for the intergenerational outcome in the label for the Perry Preschool Project (Perry). Intergenerational outcomes are for the average child. We construct them by averaging within original program participants across up to their five eldest children. For each mean difference, we present the permutation p-value associated with the null hypothesis that the mean difference less than or equal to 0. We bold p-values when they are less than 0.10. Panel b. is analogous in format to Panel a. for the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC).

Idle: enrolled in school or working.