Table 1.
Baseline clinical and echocardiographic data
| Control (n = 268) | Intervention (n = 266) | Overall (n = 534) | Total PREDIMED-Plus participants (n = 6874) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical data | ||||
| Women, % | 43 | 37 | 40 | 49 |
| Age, years | 66 (5) | 65 (5) | 65 (5) | 65 (5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.9 (3.2) | 32.5 (3.3) | 32.2 (3.3) | 32.6 (3.5) |
| Weight, kg | 85.7 (12.4) | 88.5 (12.8) | 87.1 (12.7) | 86.6 (13.0) |
| Waist circumference | 105 (8) | 107 (8) | 106 (8) | 108 (10) |
| Smoking habit, % | ||||
| Current smoker | 7 | 11 | 9 | 12 |
| Former smoker | 53 | 49 | 51 | 44 |
| Civil status, % | ||||
| Married | 79 | 76 | 78 | 77 |
| Single | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| Widowed | 7 | 14 | 10 | 10 |
| Separated and divorced | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| Type 2 diabetes, % | 29 | 28 | 28 | 31 |
| Hypertension, % | 88 | 88 | 88 | 84 |
| Dyslipidaemia, % | 74 | 75 | 74 | 70 |
| Physical activity, Mets-min/day | 2833 (2269) | 2240 (2225) | 2538 (2265) | 2462 (2300) |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2467 (712) | 2380 (614) | 2423 (666) | 2416 (633) |
| Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 17-item screener | 7.6 (3.0) | 7.7 (2.9) | 7.6 (2.9) | 8.5 (2.7) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 17 (21) | 16 (21) | 16 (21) | 11 (15) |
| Aspirin use, % | 12.3 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 15.6 |
| Use of blood pressure lowering drugs, % | 76.5 | 77.4 | 77.0 | 77.4 |
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs, % | 51.1 | 50.8 | 50.9 | 51.1 |
| Insulin use, % | 3.0 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4.3 |
| Metformin use, % | 18.3 | 20.3 | 19.3 | 23.0 |
| Baseline echo data | ||||
| Baseline LA emptying fraction, % | 58.4 (9.4) | 59.4 (9.4) | 58.9 (9.4) | — |
| Baseline LA longitudinal strain, % | 27.5 (6.6) | 27.6 (6.5) | 27.6 (6.5) | — |
| Indexed LA volume, mL/m2 | 22.7 (6.7) | 23.1 (7.4) | 22.9 (7.0) | — |
| LA volume, mL | 43.6 (14.0) | 45.0 (14.9) | 44.3 (14.5) | — |
| Conductile LA strain, % | −11.7 (4.7) | −12.2 (4.1) | −12.0 (4.4) | — |
| Contractile LA strain, % | −15.7 (4.6) | −15.6 (4.6) | 15.6 (4.6) | — |
| LA stiffness index | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | — |
| LA function index | 67.1 (28.8) | 67.4 (29.6) | 67.3 (29.2) | — |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 65.7 (7.6) | 64.8 (5.8) | 65.2 (6.8) | — |
| LV longitudinal strain | −17.7 (2.6) | −17.7 (2.4) | −17.7 (2.5) | — |
LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle.