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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2023 Sep 28;60(11):2220–2232. doi: 10.1037/dev0001635

Table 2.

Descriptive Data for Telomere and Temperament Variables

M SD Range n %

Relative telomere length
 T1 (N = 545) 1.27 0.21 0.24–1.96
 T2 (N = 254) 1.15 0.21 0.70–1.96
 T3 (N = 313) 1.12 0.18 0.70–1.84
Temperament domain scores
 T1 (N = 545)
  Negative affectivity 3.18 0.73 1.35–5.63
  Surgency/extraversion 4.72 0.71 2.44–6.64
  Regulation/effortful control 5.09 0.56 2.63–6.68
 T2 (N = 254)
  Negative affectivity 2.83 0.49 1.76–4.43
  Surgency/extraversion 4.93 0.55 3.62–6.54
  Regulation/effortful control 4.83 0.53 2.94–6.15
 T3 (N = 313)
  Negative affectivity 2.94 0.55 1.54–4.87
  Surgency/extraversion 4.96 0.54 3.38–6.64
  Regulation/effortful control 4.96 0.54 3.12–6.18
Temperament profile groups
 EBR, T1 222 40.7
 EBD, T1 236 43.3
 IOC, T1 87 16.0
 EBR, T2 113 44.5
 EBD, T2 90 35.4
 IOC, T2 51 20.1
 EBR, T3 114 36.8
 EBD, T3 117 37.7
 IOC, T3 79 25.5

Note. T1 = Time 1 (infancy); T2 = Time 2 (age 2 years); T3 = Time 3 (age 3 years); EBR = emotionally and behaviorally regulated; EBD = emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated; IOC = introverted and overcontrolled. % = percent of sample with a given temperament profile among those with available temperament profile group data at the given time point.