Table 3.
Association between DII/E-DII and the presence of gallstone disease (GSD) among January 2017–March 2020 NHANES participants.
| Characteristic | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| sqrt-trans DII, per 1 SD | 1.22 | 1.12, 1.32 | 1.16 | 1.06, 1.27 | 1.10 | 1.00, 1.20 | 1.12 | 1.02, 1.22 |
| Categorical DII | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Tertile 2 | 1.58 | 1.15, 2.17 | 1.42 | 1.03, 1.94 | 1.34 | 0.95, 1.90 | 1.39 | 1.00, 1.93 |
| Tertile 3 | 2.03 | 1.54, 2.68 | 1.74 | 1.37, 2.21 | 1.52 | 1.19, 1.93 | 1.59 | 1.25, 2.02 |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | ||||
| sqrt-trans E-DII, per 1 SD | 1.02 | 0.92, 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.03, 1.29 | 1.08 | 0.96, 1.22 | 1.11 | 0.98, 1.25 |
| Categorical E-DII | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Tertile 2 | 1.45 | 1.03, 2.03 | 1.71 | 1.23, 2.37 | 1.55 | 1.08, 2.22 | 1.65 | 1.17, 2.33 |
| Tertile 3 | 1.61 | 1.07, 2.42 | 2.33 | 1.61, 3.36 | 1.90 | 1.26, 2.84 | 2.07 | 1.36, 3.16 |
| p for trend | 0.024 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.003 | ||||
OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; DII, dietary inflammatory index; E-DII, energy-adjusted DII.
Sample-weighted logistic regression models were used.
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age group, sex, race and ethnicity).
Model 3: fully adjusted model: Model 2+ sedentary activity, obesity, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, fatty liver, diabetes, and thyroid disease.
Model 4: Model 2+ sedentary activity, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, thyroid disease and metabolic syndrome.