Table 4.
Association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the presence of gallstone disease (GSD) among January 2017–March 2020 NHANES participants, excluding alcohol intake.
| Characteristic | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| sqrt-trans DII, per 1 SD | 1.22 | 1.12, 1.32 | 1.16 | 1.06, 1.27 | 1.11 | 1.01, 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.03, 1.26 |
| Categorical DII | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Tertile 2 | 1.49 | 1.09, 2.05 | 1.35 | 0.97, 1.87 | 1.29 | 0.91, 1.83 | 1.35 | 0.97, 1.88 |
| Tertile 3 | 1.94 | 1.47, 2.55 | 1.67 | 1.30, 2.15 | 1.51 | 1.16, 1.96 | 1.60 | 1.23, 2.09 |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.002 | ||||
OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.; DII, dietary inflammatory index.
Sample-weighted logistic regression models were used.
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age group, sex, race, and ethnicity).
Model 3: fully adjusted model: Model 2+ sedentary activity, obesity, smoking status, fatty liver, diabetes, and thyroid disease.
Model 4: Model 2+ sedentary activity, smoking status, thyroid disease, and metabolic syndrome.