Table 2.
Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the subgroups studied in detail
| ALS | PD | MS | VCD | Control group | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 65 | 94 | 56 | 135 | 64 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | |||||
| N (%) | 38 (58.46) | 58 (61.70) | 18 (32.14) | 51 (37.78) | 26 (40.63) |
| Female | |||||
| N (%) | 27 (41.54) | 36 (38.30) | 38 (67.86) | 84 (62.22) | 38 (59.38) |
| Age | |||||
| Mean ± sd | 65.26 ± 12.72 | 68.10 ± 10.53 | 40.36 ± 13.52 | 69.96 ± 14.80 | 45.30 ± 21.06 |
| Median (min–max) | 66 (36–88) | 70 (37–85) | 37.50 (18–77) | 74 (24–97) | 36 (22–88) |
| Clinical data | |||||
| Disease duration (y) | |||||
| Mean ± sd | 2.74 ± 4.54 | 6.48 ± 5.63 | 5.91 ± 8.92 | 0.42 ± 1.73 | NA |
| Median (min–max) | 1.58 (0.25–33.58) | 5.08 (0–25) | 2.71 (0–49.83) | 0 (0–14.50) | NA |
| Stratum of onset | |||||
| Spinal | |||||
| N (%) | 42 (65.62) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bulbar | |||||
| N (%) | 18 (27.69) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Simult. spinal/bulbar | |||||
| N (%) | 1 (1.54) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Axial/respiratory | |||||
| N (%) | 2 (3.08) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| FTD | |||||
| N (%) | 1 (1.54) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Unknown | |||||
| N (%) | 1 (1.54) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| ALSFRS-R score | |||||
| Mean ± sd | 36.40 ± 7.61 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Median (min–max) | 38 (12–48) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vital capacity [ml] | |||||
| Mean ± sd | 2646.43 ± 1196.93 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Median (min–max) | 2500 (500–4700) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | |||||
| Mean ± sd | NA | 2.32 ± 0.97 | NA | NA | NA |
| Median (min–max) | NA | 2 (1–5) | NA | NA | NA |
| EDSS | |||||
| Mean ± sd | NA | NA | 2.87 ± 1.73 | NA | NA |
| Median (min–max) | NA | NA | 2.5 (1–7.5) | NA | NA |
| mRS at time of admission | |||||
| Mean ± sd | NA | NA | NA | 2.41 ± 1.72 | NA |
| Median (min–max) | NA | NA | NA | 2.5 (0–5) | NA |
| mRS at time of discharge | |||||
| Mean ± sd | NA | NA | NA | 1.66 ± 1.42 | NA |
| Median (min–max) | NA | NA | NA | 1 (0–5) | NA |
| Ophthalmological data | |||||
| Wetting length [mm/10 min] | |||||
| Mean ± sd | 11.70 ± 10.42 | 10.82 ± 7.78 | 14.96 ± 10.50 | 10.84 ± 8.85 | 23.79 ± 11.42 |
| Median (min–max) | 8 (1–35) | 9.50 (1–35) | 11.25 (2.5–35) | 8 (1–35) | 27 (1.5- 35) |
| Feeling of dry eyes | |||||
| Strong | |||||
| N (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.26) | 1 (1.79) | 7 (5.19) | 4 (6.25) |
| Medium | |||||
| N (%) | 9 (13.85) | 26 (27.66) | 10 (17.86) | 28 (20.74) | 10 (15.63) |
| Low | |||||
| N (%) | 4 (6.15) | 13 (13.83) | 10 (17.86) | 19 (14.07) | 16 (25.00) |
| None | |||||
| N (%) | 33 (50.77) | 43 (45.74) | 30 (53.57) | 69 (51.11) | 34 (53.13) |
| Unknown | |||||
| N (%) | 19 (29.23) | 8 (8.51) | 5 (8.93) | 12 (8.89) | 0 (0) |
| Ophthalmic disease | |||||
| Cataract | |||||
| N (%) | 4 (6.15) | 21 (22.34) | 0 (0) | 32 (23.70) | 5 (7.81) |
| Glaucoma | |||||
| N (%) | 3 (4.62) | 6 (6.38) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.19) | 0 (0) |
| None | |||||
| N (%) | 57 (87.69) | 65 (69.15) | 49 (87.50) | 90 (66.67) | 58 (90.63) |
The ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), PD (Parkinson’s disease), MS (Multiple sclerosis), VCDs (vascular central nervous system diseases) subgroups and the Control cohort. ALSFRS-r Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale; EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale; mRS Modified Rankin Score; NA not applicable