Table 3.

Production of plant defensins and fungal AFPs with anti-yeast activity

CRP	Natural production	Heterologous organism	Production method	Recombinant production	Reference
Defensin
DmAMP1	n.d	E. coli	pHUE	5 mg/L	Parisi (2017)
		K. phaffii	pPIC9/pPINK	Low	Hayes et al. (2013) and Parisi (2017)
		Arabidopsis	pFAJ3105	0.62% total soluble protein in leaf-derived crude extracts	François et al. (2002)
HsAFP1	n.d	K. phaffii	pPICZαA	40 mg/L	Cools et al. (2017) and Vriens et al. (2015)
NaD1	2.3% total protein extract	E. coli	pHUE	n.d	Bleackley et al. (2016)
		K. phaffii	pPIC9	3.2 mg/L	Dracatos et al. (2014) and van der Weerden and Anderson (2015)
NbD6	-	K. phaffii	pPINK	n.d	Kerenga et al. (2019)
OsAFP1	-	E. coli	pGEX-6p-1	n.d	Ochiai et al. (2018) and Ochiai et al. (2020)
PaD2	-	K. phaffii	pPINK	n.d	Kerenga et al. (2019)
Ppdef1	n.d	K. phaffii	pPIC9	6.3 mg/L	van der Weerden and Anderson (2015)
PsD1	0.5% total seed protein content	K. phaffii	pPIC9	13.8–63 mg/L	Almeida et al. (2000), Almeida et al. (2001), Cabral et al. (2003)
RsAFP2	30 mg/kg of seeds	K. phaffii	pPIC9/ pPICZαA	100 mg/L	Spelbrink et al. (2004), Terras et al. (1992), Vriens et al. (2016)
		Arabidopsis	pFAJ3105	0.15% total soluble protein in leaf-derived crude extracts	François et al. (2002)
ZmD32	-	K. phaffii	pPINK	n.d	Kerenga et al. (2019)
AFP
NFAP2	0.37 mg/L	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	15 mg/L	Tóth et al. (2016) and Tóth et al. (2018)
PAF	High amount	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	80 mg/L	Batta et al. (2009), Marx et al. (1995), and Sonderegger et al. (2016)
		P. digitatum	paf cassette	83 mg/L
		K. phaffii	pPic9K	n.d
PAFopt	n/a	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	2 mg/L	Sonderegger et al. (2018) and Tóth et al. (2020)
PAFvar	n/a	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	n.d	Sonderegger et al. (2018)
PAFB	0–5 mg/L	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	61 mg/L	Huber et al. (2018) and Huber et al. (2019)
PAFC	Low amount	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	105 mg/L	Holzknecht et al. (2020)
PeAfpA	125 mg/L	P. chrysogenum	paf cassette	Low amount	Garrigues et al. (2018)
			afpA cassette	5 mg/L	Gandía et al. (2022)

n.d.: not determined. n/a: not applicable. –: no information available