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. 2024 Mar 8;40(4):1221–1237. doi: 10.1007/s00381-024-06332-9

Table 5.

Identified germs and medical treatment

Year Positive cultures Identified germs Antibiotic treatment Mean duration of treatment Other medical treatment*
2017 17 (56%) S. anginosus (6), S. intermedius (4), S. pneumoniae (2), S. pyogenes (1), Strept. group F (1), F. necrophorum (2), S. epidermidis (1), S. aureus (1) 29 (97%)

 > 10 weeks in 8 cases (27%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 5.6 weeks

16 (53%)
2018 21 (70%) S. intermedius (5), S. anginosus (3), S. pyogenes (1), S. milleri (2), S. pneumoniae (1), S. epidermidis (4), S. constellatus (1), H. influenzae (1), H. haemolyticus (1), P. aeruginosa (1), N. macacae (1), P. loescheii (1), F. necrophorum (2), F. nucleatum (1) 30 (100%) 6.4 weeks 13 (43%)
2019 18 (72%) S. intermedius (3), S. anginosus (1), S. pyogenes (4), P. anaerobius (2), S. epidermidis (1), S. constellatus (1), S. aureus (1), P. aeruginosa (1), F. necrophorum (3), E. faecalis (1), P. acnes (1), Bacteroides spp. (2), Actinomyces spp. (1) 24 (96%)

 > 10 weeks in 3 cases (12%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 4.9 weeks

12 (48%)
2020 15 (88%) S. intermedius (7), S. constellatus (1), H. influenzae (2), S. aureus (2), S. epidermidis (2), F. nucleatum (1), E. corrodens (1), M. tuberculosis (1), C. albicans (1) 17 (100%)

 > 10 weeks in 3 cases (17%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 6.7 weeks

11 (64%)
2021 16 (70%) S. intermedius (5), S. constellatus (3), S. pneumoniae (3), S. anginosus (1), Strept. group F (1), H. influenzae (1), S. aureus (1), P. micra (1), E. cloacae (1), A. xylosoxidans (1) 23 (100%)

 > 10 weeks in 6 cases (26%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 6.0 weeks

13 (56%)
2022 42 (72%) S. intermedius (17), S. pneumoniae (4), S. anginosus (7), S. constellatus (4), S. milleri (1), P. anaerobius (1), S. mitis (1), M. catarrhalis (1), S. aureus (3), H. influenzae (2), F. necrophorum (2), F. nucleatum (1), S. exiquia (1), S. moorei (1), D. pneumosintes (1), E. corrodens (4), C. albicans (1), P. micra (1), P. oralis (1), P. loescheii (1), A. europeus (1) 58 (100%)

 > 10 weeks in 12 cases (20%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 6.1 weeks

35 (60%)
2023 47 (66%) S. intermedius (16), S. anginosus (8), S. tonsillaris (1), S. pneumoniae (3), S. pyogenes (8), S. mitis (1), Strept. group F (2), S. constellatus (1), C, singulare (1), S. lugdunensis (1), S. aureus 3), S. epidermidis (1), F. necrophorum (1), P. oralis (1), P. loescheii (1), Coccobacilli ssp. (1), Veillonella spp. (1), E. coli (1), H. influenzae (1), A. niger (1), A. fumigatus (1) 71 (100%

 > 10 weeks in 5 cases (7%)

Mean duration in the remaining cases: 5.5 weeks

42 (59%)
Overall 176 (69%) / 252 (99%)

 > 10 weeks: 37 cases (14%)

Mean duration: 5.8 weeks

142 (56%)

*Steroids and/or anti-inflammatory drugs