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. 2024 Jan 25;33(4):1003–1014. doi: 10.1007/s11136-023-03580-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Restricted cubic splines for the association of Life’s Essential 8, Life’s Essential 8 behavior, and Life’s Essential 8 factor scores with poor mental health-related quality of life (upper row) and poor physical health-related quality of life (lower row). All models are binary logistic regressions adjusted by age, sex, and site. Reference points are settled at 80 points. X-axes were trimmed to depict the associations for the 1st to 99th percentile of LE8 values. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, LE8 Life’s Essential 8 score, HRQoL health-related quality of life