Table 5.
Mean* costs (in Euro) per patient/year according to age at first symptoms
| Overall sample (N = 207) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at first symptoms | < 20 years (N = 92) | 21–30 years (N = 57) | > 30 years (N = 58) | P |
| Hospital visits | 2818 (0;79,760) | 1326 (0;26,587) | 1261 (0;13,293) | 0.312 |
| ED visits | 38 (0;350) | 38 (0;350) | 24 (0;300) | 0.215 |
| Specialist visits | 280 (0;1,653) | 232 (0;868) | 200 (0;785) | 0.048 |
| Imaging/Lab exams | 514 (0;4,411) | 421 (0;1,590) | 460 (0;1,728) | 0.713 |
| Drugs | 5204 (0;31,627) | 2843 (0;18,401) | 4041 (0;18,670) | 0.396 |
| Out-of-pocket | 1016 (0;9,200) | 1046 (0;12,092) | 721 (0;7,432) | 0.409 |
| Direct health costs | 9869 (0;85,409) | 5906 (0;29,897) | 6,707 (0;21,772) | 0.098 |
| Transport/food/accommodation | 548 (0;6,000) | 561 (0;11,200) | 793 (0;14,800) | 0.574 |
| Formal assistance | 589 (0;8,287) | 431 (0;7,735) | 343 (0;3,315) | 0.457 |
| Informal assistance | 14,513 (0;104,971) | 9,387 (0;50,276) | 9,128 (0;88,949) | 0.061 |
| Direct non-health costs | 15,650 (0;108,209) | 10,379 (0;51,608) | 10,264 (0;92,054) | 0.046 |
| Productivity loss | 1691 (0;16,574) | 1112 (0;16,574) | 1154 (0;8,287) | 0.729 |
| Direct non-health and indirect costs | 17,341 (0;108,209) | 11,492 (0;57,458) | 11,418 (0;92,054) | 0.107 |
| Overall costs | 27,210 (0;193,617) | 17,397 (0;87,355) | 18,124 (0;99,391) | 0.090 |
| Non-employed (N = 76) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at first symptoms | < 20 years (N = 36) | 21–30 years (N = 21) | > 30 years (N = 19) | P |
| Hospital visits | 4616 (0;79,760) | 1067 (0;15,768) | 1749 (0;13,293) | 0.203 |
| ED visits | 56 (0;350) | 43 (0;150) | 50 (0;300) | 0.944 |
| Specialist visits | 346 (0;1,653) | 244 (0;496) | 259 (0;785) | 0.250 |
| Imaging/Lab exams | 587 (0;2,131) | 500 (0;1,590) | 554 (23;1,550) | 0.784 |
| Drugs | 5065 (0;31,627) | 3292 (0;18,401) | 3734 (0;17,386) | 0.986 |
| Out-of-pocket | 1029 (0;4,400) | 1218 (0;6,600) | 888 (0;3,694) | 0.430 |
| Direct health costs | 11,698 (417;85,409) | 6364 (0;21,180) | 7235 (23;21,772) | 0.476 |
| Transport/food/accommodation | 964 (0;6,000) | 521 (0;5,200) | 1,856 (0;14,800) | 0.634 |
| Formal assistance | 276 (0;8,287) | 487 (0;7735) | 407 (0;3,315) | 0.126 |
| Informal assistance | 25,330 (0;104,971) | 13,641 (0;50,276) | 17,592 (0;88,949) | 0.416 |
| Direct non-health costs | 26,570 (0;108,209) | 14,649 (0;51,608) | 19,855 (0;92,054) | 0.389 |
| Productivity loss | – | – | – | – |
| Direct non-health and indirect costs | 26,570 (0;108,209) | 14,649 (0;51,608) | 19,855 (0;92,054) | 0.389 |
| Overall costs | 38,268 (520;193,617) | 21,013 (0;65,563) | 27,090 (23;95,935) | 0.434 |
| Employed (N = 131) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at first symptoms | < 20 years (N = 56) | 21–30 years (N = 36) | > 30 years (N = 39) | P |
| Hospital visits | 1662 (0;19,940) | 1477 (0;26,587) | 1023 (0;6,647) | 0.976 |
| ED visits | 25 (0;300) | 35 (0;350) | 12 (0;150) | 0.339 |
| Specialist visits | 237 (0;785) | 225 (0;868) | 172 (0;537) | 0.792 |
| Imaging/Lab exams | 467 (0;4,411) | 375 (0;1,495) | 414 (0;1,728) | 0.304 |
| Drugs | 5294 (0;18,907) | 2581 (0;16,851) | 4190 (0;18,670) | 0.600 |
| Out-of-pocket | 1008 (0;9,200) | 945 (0;12,092) | 640 (0;7,432) | 0.204 |
| Direct health costs | 8694 (0;29,589) | 5639 (0;29,897) | 6449 (0;19,744) | 0.118 |
| Transport/food/accommodation | 281 (0;4,000) | 584 (0;11,200) | 275 (0;3,400) | 0.803 |
| Formal assistance | 789 (0;8,287) | 399 (0;6,077) | 312 (0;3,315) | 0.641 |
| Informal assistance | 7560 (0;46,408) | 6906 (0;40,884) | 5004 (0;83,424) | 0.887 |
| Direct non-health costs | 8630 (0;48,618) | 7889 (0;40,884) | 5591 (0;85,224) | 0.255 |
| Productivity loss | 2778 (0;16,574) | 1761 (0;16,574) | 1716 (0;8,287) | 0.182 |
| Direct non-health and indirect costs | 11,408 (0;56,905) | 9650 (0;57,458) | 7307 (0;89,368) | 0.175 |
| Overall costs | 20,102 (0;78,404) | 15,288 (0;87,355) | 13,756 (0;99,391) | 0.157 |
Categories reported in italics represent the sum of the cost item above, similarly related numbers
(P < 0.05) statistically significant values are highlighted in bold
*Mean (minimum;maximum) costs are shown
ED = emergency department