. 2023 Dec 12;271(4):1599–1609. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12135-w

Table 2.

Biomarkers and groups bivariate tests

	All participants	Healthy controls	Benign RRMS	Aggressive RRMS	H	p value
NfL, pg/ml [median (IQR)] Sample size	15.34 (10.59–27.97) 59	8.74 (7.83–9.89) 10	13.73 (10.96–24.66) 31	27.44 (22.71–33.17) 18	22.69	< 0.001*
GFAP, pg/ml [median (IQR)] Sample size	94.52 (75.21–125.86) 59	77.24 (54.26–88.59) 10	89.94 (74.22–125.86) 31	115.44 (98.18–158.81) 18	12.20	0.002*
CHI3L1, pg/ml [median (IQR)] Sample size	56.76 (44.02–66.7) 56	41.80 (29.98–49.76) 8	57.95 (45.66–63.9) 30	63.62 (45.33–87.24) 18	11.27	0.003*
Tau, pg/ml [median (IQR)] Sample size	0.86 (0.44–1.07) 56	0.66 (0.34–0.81) 9	0.94 (0.45–1.32) 31	0.64 (0.42–1.08) 16	3.64	0.16

All participants

Healthy controls

Benign RRMS

Aggressive RRMS

p value

NfL, pg/ml [median (IQR)]

Sample size

15.34 (10.59–27.97)

8.74 (7.83–9.89)

13.73 (10.96–24.66)

27.44 (22.71–33.17)

22.69

< 0.001*

GFAP, pg/ml [median (IQR)]

Sample size

94.52 (75.21–125.86)

77.24 (54.26–88.59)

89.94 (74.22–125.86)

115.44 (98.18–158.81)

12.20

0.002*

CHI3L1, pg/ml [median (IQR)]

Sample size

56.76 (44.02–66.7)

41.80 (29.98–49.76)

57.95 (45.66–63.9)

63.62 (45.33–87.24)

11.27

0.003*

Tau, pg/ml [median (IQR)]

Sample size

0.86 (0.44–1.07)

0.66 (0.34–0.81)

0.94 (0.45–1.32)

0.64 (0.42–1.08)

3.64

0.16

MS multiple sclerosis, H Kruskal–Wallis analysis-of-variance test, NfL neurofilament light chain serum levels, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein serum levels, CHI3L1 CHI3L1 protein serum levels, Tau total serum tau levels, IQR interquartile range

*Statistically significant (p < 0.05)