Table 4.

Multi-variate logistic regression model demonstrates that female sex and initial symptoms of brainstem or cerebellar pathology predict poorer outcome as measured by modified Rankin scale > 2 at last follow-up

	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age at symptom onset, years	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.36
Sex – Female	2.08 (1.06–4.11)	0.03
Race – Black/African American	2.11 (1.00–4.69)	0.06
Disease duration	1.05 (1.00–1.11)	0.09
Initial symptoms
Stiffness/spasms	0.69 (0.37–1.26)	0.23
Cerebellar/Brainstem	4.41 (1.63–14.33)	0.006
High-titer GAD antibody (defined as ELISA > 10,000 IU or RIA > 20 nmol)	1.59 (0.74–3.41)	0.23
Immunotherapy started within 2–3 years	0.45 (0.22, 0.92)	0.03
Unexposed to immunotherapy within 3 years of symptom onset	2.22 (1.09, 4.55)	0.03

GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase, ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, IU units International Units/mL, RIA radioimmunoassay, mL units nmol/milliliter