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. 2024 Mar 14;12:1359207. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1359207

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Copyright © 2024 Anselmi, Fuller, Stolfi, Groves and Manni.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Larval sensory neurons in Ciona robusta (see Ryan et al., 2017). Left lateral view. In the tail there are two groups of caudal epidermal neurons, 12 dorsal (DCENs) and 12 ventral (VCENs). There are three groups of Trunk Epidermal Neurons, 12 rostral (RTEN), four anterior (aATENs) and four posterior (pATENs). There are three rostral papillae with two pairs of sensory neurons (Pns) each. (B,C) frontal and cross sections of C. robusta, showing some sensory structures: the anterior dorsal papilla (P), and the sensory vesicle (SV) with the otolith and the ocellus, Toluidine blue. C1-C2: tunic cuticular layer; EC: endodermal cavity; LB: larval brain; MG: motor ganglion; NC: nerve cord; NT: notochord; SV: sensory vesicle.