Fig. 5.

Systemic administration of the β1-AR antagonist, nebivolol, protects working memory performance from stress exposure.

(A) Nebivolol on its own had no effect compared to vehicle with 0.01 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg, but significantly improved performance following 1.0 mg/kg. The range of scores for vehicle was 60–73% correct; for 0.01 mg/kg, 63–77% correct, for 0.1 mg/kg, 57–73% correct, and for 1.0 mg/kg, 70–80% correct. (B) Pretreatment with 0.01 mg/kg nebivolol, which had no effect on its own, prevented the impairment on delayed response performance caused by the pharmacological stressor, FG7142. The range of scores for vehicle + vehicle was 63–70% correct; for FG7142+vehicle, 40–57% correct, for 0.01 mg/kg nebivolol + vehicle, 63–77% correct, and for 0.01 nebivolol mg/kg + FG7142, 57–77% correct. (C) Pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg nebivolol, which had no effect on its own, prevented the impairment on delayed response performance caused by the pharmacological stressor, FG7142. The range of scores for vehicle + vehicle was 63–73% correct; for FG7142+vehicle, 40–53% correct, for 0.1 mg/kg nebivolol + vehicle, 70–73% correct, and for 0.1 nebivolol mg/kg + FG7142, 67–80% correct. ** signifies different from vehicle control; ⌘ signifies different from FG7142+vehicle.