Table 1.
List of the selected Saudi medicinal plants and the reported antiviral activity of their genera.
| S. No. | Plant name | Family | Voucher | Locality | Reported antiviral activity of genera | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barleria bispinosa | Acanthaceae | 15,449 | AL-Baha, KSA | HSV, HIV, RSV | (Yoosook et al., 1999) (Maregesi et al., 2010) (Chen et al., 1998) |
| 2 | Zizyphus mucronata | Rhamnaceae | 15,460 | Tabuk, KSA | IAV, HIV | (Hong et al., 2015) (Behbahani, 2014) |
| 3 | Terminalia brownii | Combretaceae | 16,031 | Abha, KSA | HCV, HIV, HSV | (Patil et al., 2022) (Ahn et al., 2002) (Kesharwani et al., 2017) |
| 4 | Acacia asak | Fabaceae | 16,387 | Madinah, KSA | HIV, HCV | (Nutan et al., 2013) (Rehman et al., 2011) |
| 5 | Hibiscus deflersii | Malvaceae | 16,257 | AL-Baha, KSA | IAV, CoxV | (Takeda, et al., 2020) (El-Shiekh et al., 2020) |
| 6 | Maerua crassifolia | Capparaceae | 15,804 | AL-Baha, KSA | Fowl pox | (Mohamed et al., 2010) |
| 7 | Ocimum forsskaolii | Lamiaceae | 16,243 | AL-Baha, KSA | H9N2, HSV, HIV | (Ghoke et al., 2018) (Kapewangolo et al., 2017) (Chiang et al., 2005) |
| 8 | Pulicaria schimperi | Asteraceae | 15,802 | AL-Baha, KSA | IAV, HBV | (Abo-Elghiet et al., 2023) (Arbab et al., 2017) |
| 9 | Bidens biternata | Asteraceae | 16,067 | Nimas, KSA | HSV | (Chiang,et al., 2003) |
| 10 | Conyza pyrrhopappa | Asteraceae | 15,302 | Al-Baha, KSA | Polio, HSV | (Ananil et al., 2000) |
| 11 | Pluchea dioscoridis | Asteraceae | 16,289 | AL-Baha, KSA | HSV | (Visintini et al., 2013) |
| 12 | Euphorbia schimperiana | Euphorbiaceae | 16,322 | Taif, KSA | HIV, HSV, RSV | (Gyuris et al., 2009) (Hohmann et al., 2000) (Huang et al., 2014) |
| 13 | Momordica balsamina | Cucurbitaceae | 16,395 | Madinah, KSA | IAV, HIV | (Pongthanapisith et al., 2013) (Fang and Ng, 2011) |
| 14 | Kalanchoe glaucescens | Crassulaceae | 16,271 | AL-Baha, KSA | CoxV, EV, HSV | (Wang et al., 2012) (Ürményi et al., 2016) |
| 15 | Rhus retinorrhoea | Anacardiaceae | 15,331 | AL-Baha, KSA | IHNV, VHSV, VACV | (Babbar et al., 1982) (Kang et al., 2012) |
| 16 | Ficus benghalensis | Moraceae | 16,080 | Riyadh, KSA | HIV | (Bunluepuech and Tewtrakul, 2009) |
| 17 | Alkanna orientalis | Boraginaceae | 16,048 | Taif, KSA | CoxV | (Elsohly et al., 1997) |
| 18 | Arnebia hispidissima | Boraginaceae | 16,066 | AL-Baha, KSA | HCV, HIV | (Li et al., 2012) (Kashiwada et al., 1995) |
Avian influenza (H9N2), Coxsackie virus (CoxV), Enterovirus (EV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Herpes simplex viruses (HSV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), Influenza A virus (IAV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Vaccinia virus (VACV), Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV).