Table 2.
Patient Characteristics
| Variables | Cases | Controls | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 72 | N = 137 | ||||
| Patient characteristics at baseline | |||||
| Age (years) | 63 | (51–70) | 63 | (52–69) | MF |
| Male | 50 | (69.4) | 94 | (68.6) | 0.90 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3 | (2–4) | 3 | (1–4) | 0.25 |
| Immunodeficiency | 16 | (22.2) | 25 | (18.3) | 0.50 |
| Mucositis or intestinal GvHD | 5 | (6.9) | 4 | (2.9) | 0.17 |
| Previously admitted to ICU | 12 | (16.7) | 18 | (13.1) | 0.49 |
| Surgical reason for admission | 29 | (40.3) | 47 | (34.3) | 0.39 |
| Sepsis at admission | 22 | (30.6) | 31 | (22.6) | 0.21 |
| APACHE IV score | 88.5 | (65–104) | 86 | (68–102) | 0.94 |
| ICU outcomes | |||||
| Total length of ICU stay (days) | 16 | (9.5–26) | 16 | (10–26) | 0.81 |
| ICU mortality | 33 | (45.8) | 42 | (30.7) | 0.03 |
| Patient characteristics at bacteremia onseta | |||||
| Days in ICU | 7 | (5–12.5) | 8 | (5–12) | MF |
| SOFA score | 7 | (4.5–12.5) | 7 | (4–11) | 0.14 |
| Acute kidney injury | 28 | (38.9) | 51 | (37.2) | MF |
| Catecholamine use | 39 | (54.2) | 68 | (49.6) | 0.53 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 107 | (63–222) | 112 | (64–182) | 0.80 |
| Indwelling catheters | |||||
| Arterial catheter | 68 | (94.4) | 133 | (97.1) | 0.35 |
| CVC | 59 | (81.9) | 100 | (73.0) | 0.15 |
| Pulmonary catheter | 1 | (1.4) | 9 | (6.6) | 0.10 |
| RRT | 24 | (33.3) | 38 | (27.7) | MF |
| Plasma biomarkers | |||||
| I-FABP (pg/ml) | 1056 | (669–1820) | 947 | (545–1666) | 0.21 |
| TFF3 (ng/ml) | 27.0 | (12.4–47.9) | 21.3 | (11.3–43.4) | 0.38 |
| Citrulline (µmol/L) | 25.8 | (19.4–34.1) | 25.3 | (17.6–34.5) | 0.84 |
| GIF-scorea,b ≥ 2 | 20 | (27.8) | 32 | (23.4) | 0.59 |
Data are presented in median (interquartile range) or in absolute number (percentage)
MF matching factor, GvHD graft versus host disease, APACHE Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CVC central venous catheter; RRT, renal replacement therapy, I-FABP intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, TFF3 trefoil factor-3, GIF gastrointestinal failure
aAs present (or measured) in the 48 h time window immediately preceding the blood culture draw that (later) yielded a first positive result
bGIF score: 0 = normal gastrointestinal function; 1 = enteral feeding under 50% of calculated needs or no feeding 3 days after abdominal surgery; 2 = food intolerance (FI) or intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH); 3 = FI and IAH; and 4 = abdominal compartment syndrome