Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of National Cohort of Veterans Receiving SSVF in FY2016–2018, by TFA Receipt
| TFA | No TFA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Count/mean | %/SD | Count/mean | %/SD | p-value |
| Total | 29,184 | 12,785 | |||
| Age | 50.4 | 12.9 | 50.0 | 13.3 | 0.003 |
| < 40 | 7089 | 24.3% | 3323 | 26.0% | |
| 40–50 | 4702 | 16.1% | 2053 | 16.1% | 0.002 |
| 50–60 | 9607 | 32.9% | 4048 | 31.7% | |
| 60 + | 7786 | 26.7% | 3361 | 26.3% | |
| Female | 3788 | 13.0% | 1556 | 12.2% | 0.029 |
| Spouse or partner | 5436 | 18.6% | 2211 | 17.3% | 0.001 |
| Children | 6481 | 22.2% | 2624 | 20.5% | < 0.0001 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 16,033 | 54.9% | 7256 | 56.8% | < 0.0001 |
| African American | 12,834 | 44.0% | 5268 | 41.2% | |
| Native American | 872 | 3.0% | 519 | 4.1% | |
| Other | 497 | 1.7% | 212 | 1.7% | |
| Rurality | 3251 | 11.1% | 1419 | 11.1% | 0.903 |
| Total monthly income | |||||
| $0 | 8670 | 29.7% | 4102 | 32.1% | < 0.0001 |
| $0–$500 | 2841 | 9.7% | 1168 | 9.1% | |
| $500–$1500 | 12,641 | 43.3% | 5160 | 40.4% | |
| > $1500 | 5032 | 17.2% | 2355 | 18.4% | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than HS | 14,380 | 49.3% | 6469 | 50.6% | 0.020 |
| Completed HS | 7849 | 26.9% | 3402 | 26.6% | |
| Some college | 4244 | 14.5% | 1827 | 14.3% | |
| College degree | 2711 | 9.3% | 1087 | 8.5% | |
| Employment | |||||
| No evidence | 28,056 | 96.1% | 12,318 | 96.3% | 0.128 |
| Part-time employment | 336 | 1.2% | 160 | 1.3% | |
| Full-time employment | 792 | 2.7% | 307 | 2.4% | |
| Income type | |||||
| Earned | 5145 | 17.6% | 2208 | 17.3% | 0.373 |
| SSI | 3652 | 12.5% | 1587 | 12.4% | 0.770 |
| VA disability | 9159 | 31.4% | 3808 | 29.8% | 0.001 |
| Other | 533 | 1.8% | 242 | 1.9% | 0.641 |
| Public benefits | |||||
| SNAP | 10,872 | 37.3% | 4351 | 34.0% | < 0.0001 |
| Other benefits | 1217 | 4.2% | 485 | 3.8% | 0.072 |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Medicaid | 4314 | 14.8% | 2178 | 17.0% | < 0.0001 |
| Medicare | 2428 | 8.3% | 1176 | 9.2% | 0.003 |
| VA medical services | 22,553 | 77.3% | 9151 | 71.6% | < 0.0001 |
| Employer provided | 459 | 1.6% | 204 | 1.6% | 0.863 |
| Other health insurance | 1265 | 4.3% | 622 | 4.9% | 0.016 |
| Homeless in last 3 years | 11,374 | 39.0% | 4759 | 37.2% | 0.001 |
| Type of SSVF benefits | |||||
| Homelessness prevention | 9337 | 32.0% | 3849 | 30.1% | < 0.0001 |
| Rapid re-housing | 18,346 | 62.9% | 8337 | 65.2% | |
| Both | 38 | 0.1% | 15 | 0.1% | |
| Missing | 1463 | 5.0% | 584 | 4.6% | |
| Homeless programs | |||||
| HUD-VASH | 6089 | 20.9% | 1434 | 11.2% | < 0.0001 |
| GPD | 3235 | 11.1% | 1400 | 11.0% | 0.686 |
| Other | 4377 | 15.0% | 1739 | 13.6% | < 0.0001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.000 |
| Mental health diagnosis | 15,973 | 54.7% | 6618 | 51.8% | < 0.0001 |
Source: Authors’ analysis of VA data from cohort of SSVF enrollees
Note: SSI supplemental security income, SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, HUD-VASH US Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing, GPD Grant and Per Diem. A p-value of 0.05 was used as the threshold for statistical significance