. 2024 Mar 27;14:7219. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57420-4

Table 2.

Serum redox parameters in Clarias gariepinus intoxicated with benzene and toluene, and those prefeed with Spirulina platensis.

Group parameter	Control	Benzene	Toluene	SP + benzene	SP + toluene
MDA level (nmol/mL)	4.13 ± 0.01	4.86 ± 0.01^a	4.63 ± 0.01^a	4.42 ± 0.01^a^,^b	4.21 ± 0.01^a^,c
TPX level (μM/L)	1.67 ± 0.04	2.11 ± 0.03^a	1.90 ± 0.05^a	1.91 ± 0.02^a^,^b	1.73 ± 0.04^c
TAC (μM/L)	1.06 ± 0.00	1.21 ± 0.01^a	1.18 ± 0.00^a	1.10 ± 0.01^a^,^b	1.07 ± 0.00^a^,c
OSI (%)	157.92 ± 1.94	174.13 ± 1.59^a	161.58 ± 3.90^a	174.13 ± 1.59^a	161.58 ± 3.90^a
SOD activity (U/L)	11.80 ± 0.04	13.76 ± 0.06^a	13.49 ± 0.04^a	12.51 ± 0.05^a^,^b	12.27 ± 0.04^a^,c
CAT activity (U/L)	10.86 ± 0.03	12.56 ± 0.03^a	12.45 ± 0.03^a	11.42 ± 0.03^a^,^b	11.32 ± 0.03^a^,^c

Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of 6 fish per group (One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post-test).

SP Spirulina platensis, MDA malondialdehyde, TPX total peroxide, TAC total antioxidant capacity, OSI oxidative stress index, SOD superoxide dismutasem, CAT catalase.

^aSignificant difference between the control group and any of the other treated groups at p < 0.05.

^bSignificant difference between benzene group and SP + benzene group at p < 0.05.

^cSignificant difference between toluene group and SP + toulene group at p < 0.05.