Figure 4.

Calculated flight power-speed curves for Homing pigeons with body masses of 461 g (green curve) and 508 g (orange curve), based on the aerodynamic model of Heerenbrink¹⁵. At minimum power speed (U_mp) for each bird (closed black circles), the relationship between power and mass is hyper-allometric. However, as flight speed increases, the power-speed curves converge and the exponent of power-mass relationship decreases, ultimately becoming statistically significantly hypo-allometric at their typical flight speed of 21 m s⁻¹ (open black circles).