Table 3.

Single model comprising the 12 ‘best’ modifiable risk factors (MRFs) and 6 confounders showing associations with the vulnerable ‘last in, first out’ (LIFO) brain network

Whole model: selected ‘best’ MRFs and confounders
Category	MRFs description	R2	r	p-value	n	Model R2
Diabetes	Diabetes diagnosed by doctor	0.003	−0.054	1.13E−24	35,527	0.0145
Pollution	Nitrogen dioxide air pollution in 2005	0.002	−0.049	5.39E−20	35,527
Alcohol	Alcohol intake frequency	0.002	−0.045	3.81E−17	35,527
Sleep	Sleep duration	0.001	−0.028	1.39E−07	35,527
Body size measurements	Waist circumference	0.001	−0.027	2.99E−07	35,527
Smoking	Past tobacco smoking	0.001	−0.027	3.14E−07	35,527
Blood pressure	Medication for blood pressure	0.001	−0.025	1.61E−06	35,527
Exercise	Frequency of stairs climbing in last 4 weeks	0.000	0.020	2.34E−04	35,527
Hearing	Hearing difficulty/Background	0.000	−0.014	1.09E−02	35,527
Inflammation	Use of medication for pain relief	0.000	−0.010	5.12E−02	35,527
Socialisation	Pub or social clubs	0.000	−0.007	1.83E−01	35,527
Cholesterol	Medication for cholesterol	0.000	−0.007	1.97E−01	35,527

‘Best’ MRFs are ranked according to their |r| values. Significant results after conservative correction for multiple comparisons are in bold (see Supplementary Information - Modifiable risk factors two-stage analysis). P-values are derived from two-sided linear association tests.